Data sets to article: "Short-term effects of the control of an invasive plant Asclepias syriaca: secondary invasion of other neophytes instead of the recovery of native species". We studied the impact of Asclepias syriaca, a non-native herb species, on basic soil attributes and vegetation composition in sandy grasslands and the effect of mechanical control of this species. The Asclepias invasion changed the vegetation composition, but not the studied soil attributes. The shot-term cutting suppressed Asclepias, but instead of the recovery of native species, secondary invasion by other alien species occurred.