The main axis of this work discusses the theoretical basis of playing, reflecting on the problem about the violation of playing, with the objective of presenting what playing is. This paper analyzes the main concepts of child development highlight what is and how the structuring of child psychology occurs and identify desires and fantasies that children communicate through play, based on theorists and scholars in the field. This article was structured descriptive and bibliographic field research with a qualitative approach. The methodology made it possible to analyze several bibliographic sources through the use of hermeneutics as well as the data collections obtained from bibliographic research published in the following databases - Scielo and PEPSIC. The proposal of the work tends to contribute for the knowledge of professionals and academics in this area, bringing data that can support them in the face of something so neglected, the playing in childhood.