• 10. No inequality close

The purpose of the survey is to obtain information for statistical and scientific assessment of factors which influence the use of rehabilitation benefit, the competence, background and handling of the cases by the social workers, and the municipal administrative departments. # The data material is obtained on the basis of information from the municipal administrative departments and from the social workers at these departments. The data material is obtained by means of forms completed by the municipalities. # #The following information is obtained from the municipal administrative departments: #- Number of rehabilitation cases, classified according to # type of case #- Organizational structure #- Structure of competence #- Use of advisers in rehabilitation cases #- The departments' co-operators in rehabilitation cases #- Organizational 'culture' #- Attitudes to social work # #The following information is obtained from the social workers at the municipal administrative departments: #- Education, seniority, and professional experience of the # social workers #- Placing of the social workers in the organizational # structure #- Number of current rehabilitation cases #- Number of rehabilitation cases classified according to # type of case #- Attitudes to social work and the work at the department #- Use of and degree of satisfaction with the co-operators # inside and outside the department #- Difficulties, problems and 'bottlenecks' regarding present # legislation and practice # #The following information is obtained from the social workers in the municipal administrative departments concerning current rehabilitation cases: #- Sex, month and year of birth, and nationality of the client #- Social security benefits received by the client #- Expected start and completion dates of pre-rehabilitation # and rehabilitation programmes #- The client's education, if any, and participation in the # wage subsidy schem Undersøgelsen har til formål at tilvejebringe oplysninger til en statistisk og videnskabelig belysning af de faktorer, der indvirker på forbruget af revalideringsydelsen, sagsbehandlernes kompetence, baggrund og sagsbehandling samt forvaltningerne. # Undersøgelsens data dannes på baggrund af oplysninger fra landets kommunale forvaltninger og fra de kommunale forvaltningers sagsbehandlere. Det primære datamateriale indsamles vha. skemaer udfyldt af kommunerne. # #Fra de kommunale forvaltninger indgår oplysninger om: #- Antal revalideringssager inddelt efter sagstype #- Organisationsplan #- Kompetenceplan #- Brugen af konsulenter i revalideringssager #- Forvaltningens samarbejdspartnere i revalideringssager #- Organisationskultur #- Holdninger til socialt arbejde # #Fra de kommunale forvaltningers sagsbehandlere indgår oplysninger om: #- Sagsbehandlernes uddannelse, anciennitet og faglige erfaring #- Sagsbehandlernes placering i organisationen #- Antal verserende revalideringssager #- Antal revalideringssager inddelt efter sagstype #- Holdninger til socialt arbejde og arbejdet i forvaltningen #- Brugen af og tilfredsheden med samarbejdspartnere i og uden for # forvaltningen #- Vanskeligheder, problemer og flaskehalse i nuværende lovgivning # og praksis # #Fra de kommunale forvaltningers sagsbehandlere indgår følgende oplysninger om verserende revalideringssager: #- Klientens køn, fødselsmåned og -år og nationalitet #- De sociale ydelser, klienten modtager #- Forventede start- og slutdatoer for forrevalidering og # revalidering #- Klientens eventuelle uddannelse og eventuelle deltagelse i # løntilskudsordnin See abstract Se abstract

Social development is about putting people at the centre of development. Since the 1990s there has been growing recognition that social development is critical for broader development outcomes, including sustainable economic growth. But until now, data limitations have hindered international comparative research capable of showing weaknesses and strengths across countries, as well as the links between social development and other development outcomes. The Indices of Social Development (ISD) hosted by the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) has the potential to change this. It brings together 200 indicators, synthesising them into a usable set of measures to track how different societies perform along six dimensions of social development: • Civic Activism, measuring use of media and protest behaviour • Clubs and Associations, defined as membership in local voluntary associations • Intergroup Cohesion, which measures ethnic and sectarian tensions, and discrimination • Interpersonal Safety and Trust, focusing on perceptions and incidences of crime and personal transgressions • Gender Equality, reflecting gender discrimination in home, work and public life. • Inclusion of Minorities, measures levels of discrimination against vulnerable groups such as indigenous peoples, migrants, refugees, or lower caste groups. The indices are composed from 25 reputable data sources for 193 countries, over the period from 1990 to 2010, and are updated as new data become available. The indices are aggregated using the innovative method of ‘matching percentiles’. The results reveal the achievements and challenges facing societies across the world: from the richness of community life in Sub-Saharan Africa, to the high levels of personal safety and security in the Persian Gulf, to violence in the Caribbean. And we can monitor improvement over time: the growth of civic engagement in Eastern Europe, gender empowerment in the Middle East, or inclusion of minorities in Southern Africa. The indicators show that while economic and social development are closely correlated, many high income societies continue to face problems of discrimination and exclusion, while some developing countries have overcome these challenges. The indices allow estimating the effects of social development for a large range of countries on indicators like economic growth, human development, and governance.

Individus (15 ans et plus) ne détenant aucun certificat, diplôme ou grade au sein des communautés de langue officielle en situation minoritaire. Se réfère au niveau de scolarité des individus ou au plus haut niveau d'éducation qu'une personne a terminé avec succès. Les données utilisées sont basées sur le Recensement du Canada de 2016, échantillon de 25%, l'univers est la population de 15 ans et plus. Individuals (15 years and over) without an educational certificate, diploma or degree in Official Language Minority Communities. Refers to the individual's educational attainment or highest certificate, diploma or degree obtained by the person. The data used is based on the 2016 Census of Canada, 25% sample, the universe is the population 15 years and over.

Our previous studies have demonstrated sex differences in both the reinforcing properties of (Temple JL, Briatico LN, Clark EN, Dewey AM, 2009) and physiological responses to (Temple JL, Dewey AM, Briatico LN, 2010) caffeine. This is consistent with the literature on other types of drugs showing that men and women often differ in both drug self administration (Lynch WJ,2008 ) and drug sensitivity (Temple, JL, et al, 2008). These differences have been attributed, at least in part, to differences in gonadal hormones (Lynch WJ, 2008) ,Dreher JC et al, 2007). Our laboratory conducted a study investigating subjective effects of caffeine in post-pubertal adolescents and found that boys reported greater drug effects and liking of drug effects than did females (Temple JL, Dewey AM, Briatico LN, 2010, Temple JL, Ziegler AM,2011). In addition, the differences in feeling of the drug effects were related to salivary estradiol levels in females, but not in males, suggesting that steroid hormones can mediate the subjective effects of caffeine. When taken together, these data suggest that there are gender differences in acute and chronic effects of caffeine and that these differences may be mediated by differences in circulating steroid hormones. Previous studies have shown that subjective responses to caffeine vary across the menstrual cycle (Terner JM, de Wit H, 2006), with the greatest subjective effects occurring during the follicular phase, when estradiol levels begin to rise and peak just prior to the ovulatory LH surge. To date, no well-controlled studies have been conducted in humans examining the relationship between steroid hormones and caffeine effects on cognition, which the investigators will address in this study. Caffeine use is on the rise in America, and one of the most popular sources is soda. Among youth ages 8-16, caffeine consumption has increased by over 70% in the past 30 years. Few studies have examined the role of hormones in caffeine consumption within this age group. The purpose of the current experiment was to determine the effect of caffeine on children 8 and 9 compared to those 15 and 16 years of age. The investigators were looking at the effect of puberty on the consumption of caffeine as well as the effect that the caffeine has on the body (for example: heart rate, blood pressure) and cognitive function.

Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods The city of Chicago was selected as the research site for the PHDCN because of its extensive racial, ethnic, and social-class diversity. The project collapsed 847 census tracts in the city of Chicago into 343 neighborhood clusters (NCs) based upon seven groupings of racial/ethnic composition and three levels of socioeconomic status. The NCs were designed to be ecologically meaningful. They were composed of geographically contiguous census tracts, and geographic boundaries, and knowledge of Chicago's neighborhoods were considered in the definition of the NCs. Each NC was comprised of approximately 8,000 people. Longitudinal Cohort Study For the Longitudinal Cohort Study, a stratified probability sample of 80 neighborhoods was selected. The 80 NCs were sampled from the 21 strata (seven racial/ethnic groups by three socioeconomic levels) with the goal of representing the 21 cells as equally as possible to eliminate the confounding between racial/ethnic mix and socioeconomic status. Once the 80 NCs were chosen, then block groups were selected at random within each of the sample neighborhoods. A complete listing of dwelling units was collected for all sampled block groups. Pregnant women, children, and young adults in seven age cohorts (birth, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years) were identified through in-person screening of approximately 40,000 dwelling units within the 80 NCs. The screening response rate was 80 percent. Children within six months of the birthday that qualified them for the sample were selected for inclusion in the Longitudinal Cohort Study. A total of 8,347 participants were identified through the screening. Of the eligible study participants, 6,228 were interviewed in the Wave 1 data collection and 5,338 were interviewed in the Wave 2 data collection. Data collection for Wave 2 began in 1997 and ended in 2000. It included a letter sent to study participants notifying them that they would be contacted to schedule an interview. This letter explained the study, reimbursements, and offered a monthly drawing prize of $1,000 for those participants who kept their first scheduled appointment. A toll free number was also included in the letter, so participants could call and schedule their own interviews or ask questions. For all cohorts except 0 and 18, primary caregivers as well as the child were interviewed. The primary caregiver was the person found to spend the most time taking care of the child. Separate research assistants administered the primary caregiver interviews and the child interviews. The primary method of data collection was face-to-face interviewing, although participants who refused to complete the personal interview were administered a phone interview. An abbreviated telephone interview was conducted for the primary caregivers in Cohorts 0-15 and Cohort 18 study participants in Wave 2 who lived outside the nine-county metropolitan area to which research assistants were able to travel for interviews. A total of 221 telephone interviews were conducted during Wave 2, representing 3.55 percent of the sample. Proxy interviews were conducted with study participants who were emancipated minors (under 18 but married or living independently). The study participants answered questions from the primary caregiver's interview on the primary caregiver's behalf. In Wave 2, four primary caregivers and two study participants were interviewed in jail. Study participants in foster care could not be interviewed. The Department of Children and Family Services did not allow interviews of the foster parent or the child. Permission was granted for a brief period in Wave 1, therefore there are some children in the sample who could not be followed up in Waves 2 and 3. Some children were not in foster care in Wave 1 but were placed in foster care by Wave 2 or 3. They were also not followed up. Lastly, some participants were interviewed in Wave 3 but not in Wave 2, as they were in foster care during Wave 2. Some participants in Wave 1 spoke a language other than English, Spanish, or Polish. In Wave 2, an abbreviated version of the primary caregiver's protocol was administered, and the research assistant arranged for someone in the household to translate on the spot. In Wave 2, the complete protocol was translated into Spanish, and a subset of the primary caregiver's interview was translated into Polish. Depending on the age and wave of data collection, participants were paid between $5 and $20 per interview. Other incentives, such as free passes to museums, the aquarium, and monthly drawing prizes were also included. Interview protocols included a wide range of questions. For example, some questions assessed impulse control and sensation-seeking traits, cognitive and language development, leisure activities, delinquency and substance abuse, friends' activities, and self-perception, attitudes, and values. Caregivers were also interviewed about family structure, parent characteristics, parent-child relationships, parent discipline styles, family mental health, and family history of criminal behavior and drug use. Suicide Interview The Suicide Interview was administered to subjects for Cohorts 12, 15, and 18. The instrument was adapted from a section of the Major Depression Disorder module of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC 4) and obtained information about the subject in terms of lifetime occurrence and frequency in the past year of suicidal thoughts, as well as a more detailed set of questions regarding past suicide attempts. A set of questions regarding completed suicide of any friends or family was also included. Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. It was designed to advance the understanding of the developmental pathways of both positive and negative human social behaviors. In particular, the project examined the causes and pathways of juvenile delinquency, adult crime, substance abuse, and violence. At the same time, the project provided a detailed look at the environments in which these social behaviors took place by collecting substantial amounts of data about urban Chicago, including its people, institutions, and resources. Longitudinal Cohort Study One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. The age cohorts include birth (0), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. Suicide Interview The data in this collection are from Wave 2 of the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was administered between 1997 and 2000. The data files contain information from the Suicide Interview protocol. The Suicide Interview instrument was administered to subjects for Cohorts 12, 15, and 18. The instrument was adapted from a section of the Major Depression Disorder module of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC 4) and obtained information about the subject in terms of lifetime occurrence and frequency in the past year of suicidal thoughts, as well as a more detailed set of questions regarding past suicide attempts. A set of questions regarding completed suicide of any friends or family was also included. The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. The Suicide Interview was administered to subjects for Cohorts 12, 15, and 18. The instrument was adapted from a section of the Major Depression Disorder module of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC 4) and obtained information about the subject in terms of lifetime occurrence and frequency in the past year of suicidal thoughts, as well as a more detailed set of questions regarding past suicide attempts. A set of questions regarding completed suicide of any friends or family was also included. The data files contain information regarding the subject's lifetime and past-year occurrence and frequency of suicidal thoughts including thinking about death, dying, or suicide. They also collect information pertaining to past suicide attempts including number of attempts, whether the subject received medical attention following a suicide attempt, and when and how the subject last attempted suicide. The files also contain data relating to family or friends of the subject who have committed suicide including when and how each person committed suicide and whether each received medical attention before dying. Response Rates: The overall response rate for Wave 2 of the Longitudinal Cohort Study was 85.94 percent or 5,338 participants. The response rates for subjects by cohort were: 0 percent for Cohort 0 87.5 percent for Cohort 3 88.0 percent for Cohort 6 85.6 percent for Cohort 9 86.2 percent for Cohort 12 82.7 percent for Cohort 15 80.2 percent for Cohort 18 The response rates for primary caregivers by cohort were: 83.3 percent for Cohort 0 88.3 percent for Cohort 3 88.3 percent for Cohort 6 86.6 percent for Cohort 9 87.2 percent for Cohort 12 85.9 percent for Cohort 15 0 percent for Cohort 18 face-to-face interview; telephone interviewThe Murray Research Center conducted the initial data and documentation processing for this collection. Children, adolescents, young adults, and their primary caregivers, living in the city of Chicago in 1994. Presence of Common Scales: Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC 4) Datasets: DS0: Study-Level Files DS1: Cohort 12 DS2: Cohort 15 DS3: Cohort 18 Stratified probability sample.

Do individual, interpersonal, or institutional factors condition the effects of misinformation on beliefs? Can interventions such as fact-checks stem the tide of the "infodemic" within marginalized communities? We explore the sudden flood of misinformation and disinformation targeting Latinos during the 2020 election and global Covid-19 pandemic to answer these questions. In a pre-registered experiment, we find that exposure to misinformation can decrease factual accuracy, and neither trust in nor consumption of media, including ethnic media, serve as a buffer against these misinformation effects. However, fact-checks eliminate the effects of misinformation on false beliefs without "backfiring" and reducing accuracy. Fact-checks improve factual accuracy among subgroups varying in levels of political knowledge, trust, and acculturation. These findings provide crucial support for recent investments into fact-checking by Latino-oriented media outlets, and address gaps within the literature over whether such interventions are also effective within marginalized groups.

The main purpose of this survey is to study the coverage of the Employment Insurance (EI) program. It provides a meaningful picture of who does or does not have access to EI benefits among the jobless and those in a situation of underemployment. The Employment Insurance Coverage Survey also covers access to maternity and parental benefits. The survey was designed to produce a series of precise measures to identify groups with low probability of receiving benefits, for instance, the long-term jobless, labour market entrants and students, people becoming unemployed after uninsured employment, people who have left jobs voluntarily and individuals who are eligible, given their employment history, but do not claim or otherwise receive benefits. The survey provides a detailed description of the characteristics of the last job held as well as reasons for not receiving benefits or for not claiming. Through the survey data, analysts will also be able to observe the characteristics and situation of people not covered by EI and of those who exhausted EI benefits, the job search intensity of the unemployed, expectation of recall to a job, and alternate sources of income and funds. Survey data pertaining to maternity and parental benefits answer questions on the proportion of parents of an infant who received maternity and parental benefits, the reason why some parents do not receive benefits and about sharing parental benefits with their spouse. The survey also allows looking at the timing and circumstances related to the return to work, the income adequacy of households with young children and more. Starting in 2020, the questionnaire and survey population were redesigned to reflect changes in the EI maternity and parental benefits program. The survey population of parents was expanded from mothers of infants aged one year or less to parents of infants aged 18 months or less to include fathers in families without a female parent and parents who chose to receive EI extended parental benefits. In 2020, the April-May collection cycle was delayed to September-October as a result of COVID-19 shutdowns. As a result of these changes, caution should be used when making comparisons with data from previous survey years.

Data and supporting information for historical memories survey analyzed in Evan Lieberman's, Until We Have Won Our Liberty. The survey was conducted in 2019 following the May 2019 national election in Mogale City Local Municipality, South Africa.

Coded version of election programs. Manifestos issued ahead of the European elections between 1979 and 2009. Topics: Country in which the party ran in European Parliament elections; year of the first European Parliament elections in the member state; year of the country´s admittance to the EG/EU; party ID; election year; initials of the party; name of the party; percent-vote on national level; party family (parliamentary group) a party belongs to; number of seats in European Parliament; number of seats in European Parliament by country; type of manifesto; placement of Euromanifesto according to the coder on a left-right scale, on an environmental protection vs. economic growth scale, on a libertarian-authoritarian scale, on a religious-secular scale, on a state interventionism vs. free enterprise scale, on a multiculturalism vs. ethnocentrism scale, and on a pro-anti-EU-integration scale. Position in topics: foreign special relationships (general, to eastern European Countries of the EU and not in the EU, to Russia and to the USA); anti-imperialism; military; peace; internationalism; Europe; European Community/European Union; financing the EC/EU; freedom; human rights; democracy; constitutionalism; decentralization; transfer of power to the EC/EU; executive and administrative efficiency; political corruption; political authority; competences of the European Parliament, of the European Commission and of the European Council; voting procedures in the European Council; competences of the European Court of Justice and other EC/EU institutions; mentions of the European Central Bank; EC/EU enlargement; membership in the EU of east European countries and of Balkan countries currently not in the EU; membership of Turkey in the EU; complexity of the EC/EU political system; free enterprise; property-restitution; controlled economy; social ownership; mixed economy; publicly-owned industry; socialist property; economic planning; EC/EU structural funds; nationalization; privatisation; corporatism; market regulation; Marxist-analysis; incentives; Keynesian demand management; productivity; technology and infrastructure; protectionism; anti-growth economy; economic orthodoxy; economic goals; creating jobs; labour migration; single market; European monetary union/European currency; environmental protection; culture; social justice; welfare state, pensions, health care and nursing service, social housing, child care, job programs; education; multiculturalism; traditional morality; law and order; fight against terrorism; social harmony; national way of life; immigration; EU integration; labour groups; agriculture and farmers; middle class and professional groups; underprivileged minority groups (handicapped, homosexuals, immigrants and foreigners in the Manifesto countries and ethnic minorities of the Manifesto countries living abroad), non-economic demographic groups (women, old people, young people, linguistic groups); for Cyprus only: Cyprus issue. Computed indices: percentages of content codes separately on each political level; left-right position of party; planned economy dimension, market economy dimension, welfare dimension; pro-anti European integration dimension; summarized percentages of uncoded quasi-sentences. Additionally coded: Coder ID; region; country code (EMCS) plus election year; party code (EMCS) plus election year, total number of quasi-sentences; ZA study number of base study; version of base study. 683 election programs/manifestos of relevant parties in the EU published ahead of the election to the European Parliament in each EC/EU country between 1979 and 2009. Relevant parties in the EC/EU are parties that have been represented in the European Parliament at least once. 683 Wahlprogramme/Manifeste von relevanten Parteien in der EU vor der Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament. Als relevante Parteien in der EG/EU waren Parteien definiert, die im Europäischen Parlament wenigstens einmal vertreten waren. Totalerhebung von Parteimanifesten in der EU. Ausgangspunkt für die Verkodung eines Euromanifestos ist die erstmalige Wahl einer Partei in das Europäische Parlament. Vor den Europawahlen von 1979 bis 2009 herausgegebene Parteiprogramme. Der Datensatz enthält eine verkodete Version der Parteiprogramme. Inhaltsanalyse Content Coding

Supplemental material, sj-xlsx-3-nvs-10.1177_08997640221140314 for Giving to Matthew, Emily, Jose, or Maria: A Field Study Examining the Impact of Race and Gender on Donation Requests by Amanda L. Woods, Felix Y. Wu and Michelle R. Hebl in Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly