STUDY OVERVIEW 19 subjects underwent three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions in which they performed a visuo-motor conditional associative learning task and the appropriate control task with different motor responses: orofacial acts (mouth movements), vocal acts, i.e. both nonspeech and speech vocalizations, and -as a control- manual acts (button presses). In each learning task block, subjects first learnt the correct conditional relations between three different motor responses and visual stimuli based on the nonspeech vocal or speech vocal feedback provided (learning phase), and subsequently executed the learnt associations (post-learning phase). In each control task block, subjects performed an instructed response to three possible visual stimuli, i.e. the visual and motor aspects of the task were identical to those in the conditional task, but critically, no cognitive selection based on pre-learned cognitive if-then rules, or feedback-driven adaptation were required in the control task. DATA ORGANIZATION The BrocaMCC data (data.zip) is organised by subjects. Each subject folder contains: An “anat" folder which contains the raw anatomical T1 scans (.nii). An “func” folder which contains three subfolders (manual, vocal, orofacial) corresponding to three experimental sessions. The functional MRI data (4-6runs;.nii format) associated with each session can be found in the respective condition subfolder. A “behavior” folder that contains three subfolders (manual, vocal, orofacial) corresponding to three experimental sessions. The behavioural data, in the form log files that are generated by Presentation, can be found in the respective session folders. Each behavioural log file is associated with an experimental run (eg. XX_manualrun1.xlsx is associated with the fmri data of subject XX in run 1 of the manual condition). Each experimental run starts off with a short motor-mapping task followed directly by the experimental task (Please refer to the associated paper (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916459117) for more information on the task structure). Behavioral Data The subject initial, experimental session, and run number are captured in the filename of each logfile (e.g. XX_manual_run1.xls). The column “Code” informs of the event and the associated onset time can be found in the “Time” column. The various codes and their associated events are as follows: MRI pulses - “255” Motor-mapping task event onsets - “fixation”, “hand_movements”, “saccade_movements”, “mouth_movements”, “tongue_movements”, “vocal_responses”, “verbal_responses” Instruction screen indicating the start of a control block (visuomotormapping task) - “transM”, “transL” or “transR”. Instruction screen indicating the start of a learning block (conditional associative learning task) - “transCL”. Stimulus presentation - “question_XX" Sound feedback presentation Verbal (Speech) feedback - “fbcorrect_verbal”,"fberror_verbal”, “correctY”, “errorY”. Vocal (NonSpeech) feedback - “fbcorrect_vocal”,”fberror_vocal”, “correctR”, “errorR”. For more details about the data, please refer to: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916459117 or contact the authors.