The main interest in studying monodominant forests in the tropics (i.e. single-dominant forestsensuRichards 1996 and Connell & Lowman 1989) is that processes leading to monodominance may highlight mechanisms controlling species diversity (Hartet al. 1989). Among the various cases of monodominant forest (Hart 1990), the most intriguing are the rare ones that stand in contact with a considerably more diverse forest, without apparent environmental boundaries, and for many generations (i.e. type IsensuConnell & Lowman 1989). Rather than a single mechanism, it is likely that this type of monodominance results from a suite of interacting traits (Tortiet al. 2001). This has been well illustrated for the neotropical treeDicymbe corymbosawhose monodominance relies on: (1) ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (Henkelet al. 2002) linked to (2) mast fruiting (Henkelet al. 2005), (3) high seedling survival rate (Henkelet al. 2005, McGuire 2007a, 2007b) and, potentially, (4) slow litter decomposition (Mayor & Henkel 2006, McGuireet al. 2010), moreover, (5) the reiterative habit ofD. corymbosaslows the gap dynamics, and reduces species richness (Woolleyet al. 2008). Thus, a comprehensive understanding of monodominance may only emerge from the comparison of many case studies to point out shared mechanisms. Here, we report a new case of a monodominant species:Spirotropis longifolia(DC.) Baill.