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Article . 2018
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Planificación-organización y control inhibitorio en niños de edad preescolar pertenecientes a diferentes contextos socio-económicos

Authors: Moscuen, Maria Magdalena; Korzeniowski, Celina Graciela; Espósito, Adriana Verónica;

Planificación-organización y control inhibitorio en niños de edad preescolar pertenecientes a diferentes contextos socio-económicos

Abstract

Executive functions are responsible for regulating and coordinating cogni- tions, emotions and behaviors aimed at achieving a specific goal. Sociocultural differences of development contexts may modulate the exec- utive functions. Therefore, identifying the alterations in executive functions and their correlations in the daily functioning of the child is indispensable for the application of early interventions. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate and to compare the executive functions, specifically inhibitory con- trol and planning-organization skills in Argentinian preschoolers, belonging to different socioeconomic contexts. A cross-sectional descriptive-correla- tion design was implemented. The sampling was formed by 67 preschool- ers of 4 and 5 years old. The children were evaluated by the Porteus Labyrinths Test and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (teacher’s version). Results showed low correlations between the aforementioned test and the behavioral inventory in the partic- ipants. Additionally, according to the teachers report, there was a lower performance in planning and inhibitory control skills in preschoolers of low socioeconomic status, in comparison to their middle status peers. The data obtained allowed for concluding that the impoverishment of the socio-cul- tural and material conditions of children’s homes is associated with higher rates of impulsivity and difficulties in planning behavior in school context.

Las funciones ejecutivas son las encargadas de regular y coordinar cogniciones, emociones y conductas destinadas al logro de una meta. Las diferencias socioculturales de los contextos de desarrollo modulan tales funciones. Identificar alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas y su correlato en el funcionamiento cotidiano del niño resulta indispensable para aplicar intervenciones tempranas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar y comparar funciones ejecutivas, específicamente control inhibitorio y habilidades de planificación-organización en preescolares argentinos pertenecientes a diferentes contextos socioeconómicos. Se empleó un diseño transversal descriptivo-correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 67 niños de 4 a 5 años. Se utilizó el Test laberintos de Porteus y el Cuestionario de evaluación conductual de la función ejecutiva versión infantil versión docente. Los resultados indicaron correlaciones bajas entre el test mencionado y el cuestionario conductual en los participantes. Según el informe docente, se registró un menor nivel de desempeño en las habilidades de planificación y control inhibitorio en preescolares de nivel socioeconómico bajo, en comparación con sus pares de nivel medio. Estos datos señalan que el empobrecimiento de las condiciones socioculturales y materiales de los hogares, se asocia con mayores índices de impulsividad y dificultades para planificar la conducta en el contexto escolar.

Fil: Korzeniowski, Celina Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina

Fil: Espósito, Adriana Verónica. Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina

Fil: Moscuen, Maria Magdalena. Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

NSE, CONTROL COGNITIVO, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.1, BRIEF, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5, LABERINTOS DE PORTEUS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green