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Bees and crops in Spain: an update for melon, watermelon and almond

Authors: Sara Rodrigo Gómez; Concepción Ornosa; Jaime García Gila; Javier Blasco-Aróstegui; Jesús Selfa; Miguel Guara; Carlo Polidori;

Bees and crops in Spain: an update for melon, watermelon and almond

Abstract

[EN] Pollinators of most of the plants cultivated in the Mediterranean regions of Europe are still unknown. We provide new data and we review previously available information on bees (Apoidea) associated with three economically important crops in Spain: melon (Cucumis melo L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) and almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb). We found that, overall, 98 bee species spanning four families visit flowers of the studied crop species, and 46 additional species were sampled within the crops with pan-traps. The bee assemblages visiting melon include 7–33 species, with moderate to high importance of small Lasioglossum (Halictidae) and of honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758: Apidae), and in one case of small Ceratina: Apidae. Watermelon flowers are visited by 11–14 species of bees, with highest abundance of honey bees or of small Lasioglossum, depending on the locality. Bees collected on almond trees included 12–37 species, with the honey bee and medium-size to large Andrena (Andrenidae) and Osmia (Megachilidae) being predominant. The new samples expanded the geographical distributions of nearly one- fourth of the collected species. Diversity estimators slightly varied even within fields of the same crop, and a cluster analysis suggested both a certain overlap between melon and watermelon and a role of geographical distance on similarity among bee assemblages, though these patterns were much clearer using presence data rather than abundances. Below- ground-nesting and solitary species were more frequently collected than above-ground-nesting and eusocial species, but for melon and watermelon the highest abundances were recorded for eusocial species. Almost exclusively polylectic species visited the flowers of the three studied crops. The results of this study could help in planning conservation actions to maintain this important diversity of potential pollinators in Spanish areas covered by these crops. [FR] En Europe, dans la région méditerranéenne, les pollinisateurs de la plupart des plantes cultivées demeurent encore inconnus. Nous apportons ici de nouvelles données et analysons celles déjà acquises sur les abeilles (Apoidea) associées à trois cultures économiquement importantes en Espagne : le melon (Cucumis melo L.), la pastèque (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) et l’amandier (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb). Au total, 98 espèces de quatre familles d’abeilles ont visité les fleurs de ces trois plantes, tandis que 46 autres espèces ont été capturées à l’aide de pièges colorés dans leurs champs. Les fleurs de melon sont visitées par 7 à 33 espèces d’abeilles, parmi lesquelles dominent plus ou moins fortement de petits Lasioglossum (Halictidae) et l’abeille domestique (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 : Apidae) (et, dans un cas, de petites cératines : Apidae). Les fleurs de pastèque sont visitées par 11 à 14 espèces d’abeilles, dont les plus abondantes sont, selon le site, l’abeille mellifère ou de petits Lasioglossum. Les abeilles récoltées sur les amandiers représentent 12 à 37 espèces, parmi lesquelles prédominent l’abeille mellifère, des andrènes (Andrenidae) de taille moyenne à grande et des osmies (Megachilidae). Nos échantillonnages ont permis d’élargir la répartition géographique de près d’un quart des espèces collectées. Les estimateurs de diversité montrent de légères variations y compris entre champs d’une même culture, tandis que l’analyse typologique suggère que les assemblages d’abeilles des cultures de melon et de pastèque se chevauchent partiellement mais aussi que la similarité de ces assemblages dépend de la distance géographique, les résultats des modèles étant beaucoup plus nets à partir des données de présence que des données d’abondance. Les espèces solitaires et terricoles ont été plus fréquemment capturées que les espèces eusociales ou celles nichant au-dessus du sol mais, mais dans les cultures de melon et de pastèque, ce sont les espèces sociales qui sont les plus abondantes. Enfin, presque toutes les espèces d’abeilles qui ont visité les fleurs des trois cultures étudiées étaient polylectiques. Ces résultats devraient permettre de mieux planifier les actions de conservation visant à maintenir cette importante diversité de pollinisateurs potentiels dans les régions d’Espagne où ces trois plantes sont cultivées. CP was funded by a post-doctoral contract funded by Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha and the European Social Fund (ESF). The study was also funded by Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses “Don Juan Manuel” (Ayudas a la Investigación 2014). Peer reviewed

Countries
Spain, Italy
Keywords

abelles, Agricultura, Agriculture, Abelles, Hymenoptera, Lasioglossum, agricultura, Apis, Spain, Pollination, Hymenoptera; Apoidea; Apis; Lasioglossum; Spain; pollination; agriculture, Apoidea

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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