
doi: 10.1007/bf03323043
handle: 1959.13/1042564
Let \(a \in (0,1)\), \(N \in \mathbb{N} \backslash \{1\}\) and \(- 1 = \beta_0 \leq \beta_1 \leq \dots \leq \beta_{N - 1} = 1\). Then the functional equation \[ f(x) = {1 \over N} \sum^{N - 1}_{k = 0} f \left( {x - \beta_k \over a} \right) \] has a unique bounded solution \(f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) vanishing on \((- \infty, -1/(1 - a))\) and taking the value 1 on \((1/(1 - a), + \infty)\). This unique solution \(f\) is continuous and increasing. It is strictly increasing on \([- 1/(1 - a), 1/(1 - a)]\) iff \(2a/(1 - a) \geq \max \{\beta_k - \beta_{k - 1} : 1 \leq k \leq N - 1\}\). If \(2a/(1 - a) < \min \{\beta_k - \beta_{k - 1} : 1 \leq k \leq N - 1\}\) then \(f\) is singular. It is also singular in the case where \(\beta_k = - 1 + 2k/(N - 1)\) for \(k \in \{0, \dots, N - 1\}\) and \(a\) is the inverse of a nonrational Pisot number. If \(\beta_k = - 1 + 2k/(N - 1)\) for \(k \in \{0, \dots, N - 1\}\) and \(a = N^{- 1/p}\) with an integer \(p\), then \(f\) is absolutely continuous, has a \((p - 1)st\) derivative which is a continuous and piecewise linear function (and a formula for \(f\) is given via convolutions). An interesting connection with the Schilling equation \[ 4q \varphi (qx) = \varphi (x - 1) + \varphi (x + 1) + 2 \varphi (x), \] where \(q \in (0,1)\) is a fixed parameter, is also pointed out.
singular and absolutely continuous functions, bounded solution, distribution functions, Vieta's product, singular functions, Vieta’s product, Pisot numbers, Functional equations for real functions, Schilling equation, Bernoulli distributions, Probability distributions: general theory, functional equation
singular and absolutely continuous functions, bounded solution, distribution functions, Vieta's product, singular functions, Vieta’s product, Pisot numbers, Functional equations for real functions, Schilling equation, Bernoulli distributions, Probability distributions: general theory, functional equation
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