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Results in Mathematics
Article . 1994 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Functional Equations and Distribution Functions

Functional equations and distribution functions
Authors: Borwein, Jonathan M.; Girgensohn, Roland;

Functional Equations and Distribution Functions

Abstract

Let \(a \in (0,1)\), \(N \in \mathbb{N} \backslash \{1\}\) and \(- 1 = \beta_0 \leq \beta_1 \leq \dots \leq \beta_{N - 1} = 1\). Then the functional equation \[ f(x) = {1 \over N} \sum^{N - 1}_{k = 0} f \left( {x - \beta_k \over a} \right) \] has a unique bounded solution \(f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) vanishing on \((- \infty, -1/(1 - a))\) and taking the value 1 on \((1/(1 - a), + \infty)\). This unique solution \(f\) is continuous and increasing. It is strictly increasing on \([- 1/(1 - a), 1/(1 - a)]\) iff \(2a/(1 - a) \geq \max \{\beta_k - \beta_{k - 1} : 1 \leq k \leq N - 1\}\). If \(2a/(1 - a) < \min \{\beta_k - \beta_{k - 1} : 1 \leq k \leq N - 1\}\) then \(f\) is singular. It is also singular in the case where \(\beta_k = - 1 + 2k/(N - 1)\) for \(k \in \{0, \dots, N - 1\}\) and \(a\) is the inverse of a nonrational Pisot number. If \(\beta_k = - 1 + 2k/(N - 1)\) for \(k \in \{0, \dots, N - 1\}\) and \(a = N^{- 1/p}\) with an integer \(p\), then \(f\) is absolutely continuous, has a \((p - 1)st\) derivative which is a continuous and piecewise linear function (and a formula for \(f\) is given via convolutions). An interesting connection with the Schilling equation \[ 4q \varphi (qx) = \varphi (x - 1) + \varphi (x + 1) + 2 \varphi (x), \] where \(q \in (0,1)\) is a fixed parameter, is also pointed out.

Keywords

singular and absolutely continuous functions, bounded solution, distribution functions, Vieta's product, singular functions, Vieta’s product, Pisot numbers, Functional equations for real functions, Schilling equation, Bernoulli distributions, Probability distributions: general theory, functional equation

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Average
Top 10%
Average
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