This AGN textbook gives an overview on the current knowledge of the Active Galactic Nuclei phenomenon. The spectral energy distribution will be discussed, pointing out what can be observed in different wavebands. The different physical models are presented together with formula important for the understanding of AGN physics. Furthermore, the authors discuss the AGN with respect to its environment, host galaxy, feedback in galaxies and in clusters of galaxies, variability, etc. and finally the cosmological evolution of the AGN phenomenon. This book includes phenomena based on new results in the X-ray and gamma-ray domain from new telescopes such as Chandra, XMM-Newton, the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, and the VHE regime not mentioned so far in AGN books. Those and other new developments as well as simulations of AGN merging events and formations, enabled through latest super-computing capabilities. From the contents: - The observational picture of AGN - Radiative processes - The central engine - AGN types and unification - AGN through the electromagnetic spectrum - AGN variability - Environment - Quasars and cosmology - Formation, evolution and the ultimate fate of AGN - What we do not know (yet)