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The dynamic relationship between the Global Compact for Migration and Human Rights Law

Authors: Bast, Jürgen; Wessels, Janna; Farahat, Anuscheh;

The dynamic relationship between the Global Compact for Migration and Human Rights Law

Abstract

Ist der Globale Migrationspakt (Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, GCM) im Wesentlichen ein Menschenrechtsinstrument, das bestehende völkerrechtlichen Verpflichtungen ergänzt und verstärkt, wie manche argumentieren? Oder birgt der Migrationspakt die Gefahr, dass Staaten ihn als Vorwand nutzen, um Verpflichtungen aus Menschenrechtsverträgen zu umgehen und weitere Anforderungen an reguläre Migration einzuführen, wodurch noch mehr Migrantinnen und Migranten in eine Situation der Irregularität geraten? Als Beitrag zur laufenden Debatte untersucht dieser Text die dynamische Beziehung zwischen dem GCM und internationalen Menschenrechtsverträgen, um zu verstehen, inwieweit der GCM das Potenzial hat, den Menschenrechtsschutz von Migranten zu stärken oder zu untergraben. Die Untersuchung erfolgt aus zwei Blickwinkeln: Zunächst wird die Substanz des Migrationspakts, d.h. seine „Objectives“, im Verhältnis zu internationalen Menschenrechtsnormen bewertet, und dann wird der GCM als Prozess untersucht, d.h. seine institutionelle und verfahrensrechtliche Dimension mit Blick auf seine Überprüfungsmechanismen.

Is the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration(GCM or “the Compact”) essentially a human rights instrumentthat complements and strengthens existing obligations underinternational law, as some people argue? Or does it entail therisk that States use it as an excuse to bypass obligations fol-lowing from human rights treaties, and to introduce furtherrequirements for regular migration, in fact bringing more mi-grants in a situation of irregularity? Contributing to the ongo-ing debate, this paper explores the dynamic relationship be-tween the GCM and human rights treaties in order to under-stand the extent to which the GCM has the potential to rein-force and/or to undermine the human rights protection of mi-grants. The examination adopts two angles: it first assesses thesubstance of the Compact, i.e., its Objectives, in relation to hu-man rights law, and then examines the GCM as a process, i.e.,its institutional and procedural dimension in light of its reviewmechanisms.

Countries
Austria, Netherlands
Keywords

PROTECT Consortium, Global Compact for Migration, 505012 Öffentliches Recht, Human Rights Law, 505011 Menschenrechte, 505012 Public law, 505011 Human rights

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