The article was devoted to the bread wheat - ecological plastic, cosmopolitan species with the most extensive areal. The modern polytypic concept of the biological specie was highlighted. Classification of bread wheat within 3 centuries was presented. The classification of bread wheats was given based on VIR’s “Descriptor of wheats” (1979, 1980) created on morphological, genetic and phylogenetic facts. 109 accessions belonged to rare botanical varieites of Asian subspicies of bread wheat collected from different regions of the country and included in the collection were sown in nonprovided rain fed conditon. Goal was creation of primary breeding mateial, genetic source and donors of bread wheats in drought and winter resistance, high productivity and seed quality directions.