Simothraulopsis pacaraima sp. nov. Boldrini, Lima & Salles (Figs. 2A, B; 3A–C and 4A, B) Diagnosis. Male imago: 1) general coloration orangish brown (Figs. 2A, B); 2) hind wing with costal projection forming a right angle, located approximately 2/3 distance from base to apex of wing (Figs. 3B, C); 3) penis projection spine-like, short (less than the half of total length of penis lobes), slightly directed laterally (Figs. 4A, B); 5) penis lobes with a medial knob between them (Fig. 4B). Description Male imago LENGTH: body: 6.2 mm; forewing: 6.0 mm; hind wing: 0.9 mm. HEAD. Dorsal region dark brown, with black marks; ventral region brown. Upper portion of compound eyes reddish, lower portion black (Fig. 2A). Scape and pedicel brown, flagellum whitish brown. THORAX. Pronotum dark brown, washed with black on posterior margin. Mesonotum light brown; longitudinal medial, anterolateral scutal, lateroparapsidal and medioparapsidal sutures light brown; posterior scutal protuberance, scuto-scutellar impression and scutellum dark brown. Pleura light brown washed with dark brown; membranous area yellowish. Metanotum brown, washed with black on posterior margin (Figs. 2A, B). Sterna light brown, sutures dark brown. Wings membrane hyaline. Forewing with longitudinal veins whitish yellow and cross veins translucent; costal brace and base of veins C, Sc and anal section dark brown; fork of vein MP slightly asymmetric (Fig. 3A). Hind wing with costal projection developed, forming right angle located approximately 2/3 distance from base to apex of wing (Figs. 3B, C); longitudinal and cross veins yellowish brown; base of costal region and almost entire lower portion of hind wing black; costal region translucent (Fig. 3C). Legs: Coxae and trochanters yellowish brown; femur light brown with blackish line on ventral margin; tibia basally light brown, remainder whitish; tarsi whitish. ABDOMEN. Terga orangish brown (Fig. 2B). Terga I, VIII–IX completely light brown, except tergum I washed with black; terga II–VII with anterior and lateral margins whitish; terga VIII–X with black triangular area medially (Fig. 2B). Sterna light brown. Genitalia (Figs. 4A, B). Styliger plate dark brown. Forceps segment I yellowish brown, segments II and III lighter; basal region of segment I with small concavity. Segment II 0.09 length of segment I, 0.96 length of segment III. Penis lobes whitish, fused on basal half, each lobe rounded apically, separated by distance greater than width of one penis lobe, with spine-like, short (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) telopenis slightly laterally directed; ventral region of penis lobes with well-marked sclerotized region; inner margins of lobes divergent, with medial knob between them (Fig. 4B). Female and immature stages. Unknown. Etymology. After Pacaraima, the municipality where this species was collected. Material examined. Holotype: BRAZIL, ♂ imagO; ROraima, Pacaraima, RiO Surumu; 04°15´08.63″N, 61°01´50.75″ W; alt. 168 m; 11.X.2015; BOlDrini, R. BarrOsO, P.C.S. SantOs, G.C.; light shEEt; UFRR. Discussion. Simothraulopsis pacaraima sp. nov. has morphological similarities with S. inequalis Nascimento, Salles & Hamada, 2017 in the male genitalia. In both species the penis projection is lanceolate, narrowing towards apex, short (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) and laterally directed. Besides, the ventral aspect of the penis lobes has a well-marked sclerotized region. However, both species can be distinguished by features of the distal margin of the hind wing (truncated in S. inequalis and rounded in the new species), by the abdominal terga color (orangish in the both species, but, terga VIII–X with a black triangular area medially in S. pacaraima, and tergum X with a black band in S. inequalis), and by the presence of a medial knob between the penis lobes of this new species.

Published as part of Boldrini, Rafael, Lima, Lucas Ramos Costa, Oliveira, Ismael Barreto De, Boldrini, Bianca Maira De Paiva Ottoni & Salles, Frederico Falcão, 2022, Two new species of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Roraima State, northern Brazil, pp. 279-286 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on page 281, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7359987