{"references": ["Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158.", "Stroganov, S. U. 1962. Zveri Sibiri. Khishchye [Animals of Siberia. Carnivores]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 458 pp. (in Russian).", "Ognev, S. I. 1931. Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii: Khishchnye mlekopitayushchie [Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia: Carnivorous mammals]. Glavnauka, Moscow, 2: 1 - 776 (in Russian).", "Milne-Edwards, A. 1867. Observations sur quelques mammiferes du nord de la Chine. Annales des sciences naturelles. Zoologie et biologie animale, 7 (5): 375 - 377.", "Boddaert, P. 1785. Elenchus animalium, volumen 1: Sistens quadrupedia huc usque nota, erorumque varietates. C. R. Hake, Rotterdam, 174 pp.", "Allen, G. M. 1938 - 1940. The mammals of China and Mongolia [Natural History of Central Asia (W. Granger, ed.)]. Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 11: pt. 1: 1 - 620 [1938]; pt. 2: 621 - 1350 [1940].", "Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp.", "Novikov, G. A. 1956. Khishchye mlekopitayushchie fauna SSSR [Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 293 pp. (in Russian).", "Long, C. A., and C. A. Killingley. 1983. The badgers of the world. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL, 404 pp.", "Baryshnikov, G. F., and O. R. Potapova. 1990. [Variability of the dental system in badgers (Meles, Carnivora) in the USSR fauna.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 69: 84 - 97 (in Russian)."]}

Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:48. TYPE LOCALITY: "Europa inter rimas rupium et lapidum," restricted by Thomas (1911a) to " Upsala " [Sweden]. DISTRIBUTION: Scandinavia to S Siberia, south to Israel; Iraq; China, Korea, and Japan; and on Ireland, Britain, Crete, and Rhodes. SYNONYMS: aberrans Stroganov, 1962; alba Gmelin, 1788; altaicus Kastschenko, 1901; amurensis Schrenk, 1858; anakuma Temminck, 1844; arcalus Miller, 1907; arenarius Satunin, 1895; blanfordi Matschie, 1902; britannicus Satunin, 1906; canescens Blanford, 1875; caninus Billberg, 1827; caucasicus Ognev, 1926; chinensis Gray, 1868; communis Billberg, 1827; danicus Degerbol, 1933; europaeus Desmarest, 1816; hanensis Matschie, 1907; heptneri Ognev, 1931; leptorhynchus Milne-Edwards, 1867; leucurus Hodgson, 1847; maculata Gmelin, 1788; marianensis Graells, 1897; melanogenys J. A. Allen and Andrews, 1913; minor Satunin, 1905; raddei Kastschenko, 1901; rhodius Festa, 1914; schrenkii Nehring, 1891; severzovi Heptner, 1940; sibiricus Kastschenko, 1900; siningensis Matschie, 1907; talassicus Ognev, 1931; tauricus Ognev, 1926; taxus Boddaert, 1785; tianschanensis Hayninger-Huene, 1910; tsingtanensis Matschie, 1907; typicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1899; vulgaris Tiedemann, 1808. COMMENTS: Although Ognev (1931) considered leptorhynchus (including amurensis) a distinct species; most have considered meles and leptorhynchus conspecific (Allen, 1938; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Novikov, 1956; Stroganov, 1962; Long and Killingley, 1983). Baryshnikov and Potapova (1990) suggested that M. meles and M. anakuma are not conspecific.

Published as part of W. Christopher Wozencraft, 1993, Order Carnivora, pp. 279-348 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 314, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359191