Climate change will affect the yield potential of crops in different ways in different regions of Europe. In much of Europe there will be increased yield potential for crops. However, in southern and eastern regions there will be a strong decline in yield potential. To maximise yield potential and mitigate against yield declines both irrigating and maintaining nitrogen input is important. There are also some positive benefits of cultivar selection and rotation, but these are less significant. To mitigate against the impact of climate change the main policy recommendation is to identify and promote sustainable sources of both water and nitrogen for crop production for future cropping systems.