This database provides data on ligno-cellulosic biomass production costs in 45 countries. It is the result of a compilation of data from a literature search carried out on the Google Scholar platform based on the following keywords: ‘biomass’, ‘bioenergy’, ‘energy crops’, ‘cost’, ‘economics’, ‘analysis’, ‘ligno-cellulosic’, ‘managed forest’, ‘wood crop’, ‘grass crop’, ‘crop residues’ (similar keywords such as wood crop or gass crop were also used). It includes 106 documents published between 1988 and 2018, including 59 journal articles, 15 non peer-reviewed articles, 6 conference publications, 20 government agency reports, and 4 PhD or Master’s theses. The total number of data points is 410, unevenly distributed among the five biomass types (managed forest, wood energy crops, grass energy crops, agricultural residues and forest residues and six global regions (Africa, Asia, Latin America, Former Soviet Union, Europe and North America).