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INDUCTION OF FEATHERS ON ONE-YEAR-OLD APPLE TREES CULTIVAR GOLDEN DELICIOUS USING BENZYLADENINE AND GIBBERELINS 4+7

Authors: MARKO DORI��; ZORAN KESEROVI��; NENAD MAGAZIN; BISERKA MILI��; MAJA MIODRAGOVI��;

INDUCTION OF FEATHERS ON ONE-YEAR-OLD APPLE TREES CULTIVAR GOLDEN DELICIOUS USING BENZYLADENINE AND GIBBERELINS 4+7

Abstract

{"references": ["CLINE, M.G.: Apical dominance. Botanical review, 57:318-358, 1991.", "CLINE, M.G.: Concepts and Terminology of Apical Dominance. American Journal of Botany, 84(9): 1064-1069, 1997.", "COOK, N.C., Bellstedt, D.U., Jacobs, G.: Endogenous cytokinin distribution patterns at budburst in Granny Smith and Braeburn apple shoots in relation to bud growth. Scientia Horticulturae, 87:53-63, 2001.", "CVETKOVI\u0106. M., MI\u0106I\u0106. N., \u0110URI\u0106. G., STANKOVI\u0106, B.: Karakteristike i obrasci grananja sadnica jabuke proizvedenih okuliranjem. Zbornik nau\u010dnih radova XXV savetovanja \u2013 Unapre\u0111enje proizvodnje vo\u0107a i gro\u017e\u0111a. Institut PKB Agroekonomik, Beograd,16(5) 69-77, 2010.", "DORI\u0106, M., KESEROVI\u0106, Z., MAGAZIN, N., MILI\u0106, B.: Formiranje prevremenih gran\u010dica kod jednogodi\u0161njih sadnica tre\u0161nje. Vo\u0107arstvo, 47(181-182)47-53, 2013a.", "DORI\u0106, M., KESEROVI\u0106, Z., MAGAZIN, N., MILI\u0106, B.: Formiranje prevremenih gran\u010dica na jednogodi\u0161njim sadnica jabuke sorte Idared primenom BA i GA4+7. Vo\u0107arstvo, 47(183-184) 87-93, 2013b.", "ELFVING, D., VISSER, D.: Timing cyclanilide and cytokinin applications in the nursery to obtain desire lateral branch height in apple and sweet cherry trees. HortScience, 41: 1238-1242, 2006.", "HROTKO, K., MAGYAR, L., RONAY, Z.: Improved feathering on apple nursery trees by BA application. Acta Horticulturae, 514:113-119, 2000.", "JACYNA T., BARNARD J.: Modification of branching behavior in apical-dominant apple trees with plant growth regulators and their residual effects on tree growth after transplanting. Journal of the American Pomological Society, 62(4)160-172, 2008.", "M\u00dcLLER, D., LEYSER, O.: Auxin, cytokinin and the control of shoot branching. Annals of Botany, 107(7)1203-1212, 2011.", "PALMER, J.W., SEYMOUR, S.M., DIACK, R.: Feathering of 'Doyenn\u00e9 du Comice' pear in the nursery using repeat sprays of benzyladenine and gibberellins. Scientia Horticulturae, 130:393-397, 2011.", "ROSSI, A.D., RUFATO, L., GIACOBBO, C.L., GOME, F.R.C., FACHINELLO, J.C.: Use of promalin\u00ae on one-year old trees of the apple cv. 'Catarina'. XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Key Processes in the Growth and Cropping of Deciduous Fruit and Nut Trees. Acta Horticulturae, 636:145-149, 2004.", "SADOWSKI, A., MACKIEWCZ, M., DZIUBAN, R.: Growth and early bearing of apple trees as affected by the type of nursery trees used for planting. Acta Horticulturae, 732:447-455. 2007.", "SAZO, M., ROBINSON, T.: The use of plant growth regulators for branching of nursery trees in NY state. New York Fruit Quarterly, 19:5-9, 2011.", "THE WORLD APPLE AND PEAR ASSOCIATION (WAPA), European apple and pear crop forecast 2012 \u2013 summary. http://www.wapa-association.org., 2012.", "TROMP, J., BOERTJES, B.C.: The effect of air temperature in successive periods of the growing season on sylleptic shoot formation in young apple trees Plant Growth Regulation, 19:177-182, 1996.", "TROMP, J.: Sylleptic Shoot Formation in Young Apple Trees Exposed to Various Soil Temperature and Air Humidity Regimes in Three Successive Periods of the Growing Season. Annals of Botany, 77:63-70, 1996.", "VOLZ, R.K., GIBBS, H.M., POPENOE, J.: Branch induction on apple nursery trees: Effects of growth regulators and defoliation. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 22:277-283, 1994.", "WANG, S.Y., FAUST, M., LINE, M.J.: Apical Dominance in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh): The Possible Role of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA). Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 119:1215-1221, 1994.", "WERTHEIM, S.J, WEBSTER, A.D.: Propagation and nursery tree quality. In: Apples : botany, production, and uses (D.C. Ferree and I.J. Warrington, eds.). CAB International, Wallingford, pp.125-151, 2003.", "WILSON, B.: Apical control of branch growth and angle in woody plants. American Journal of Botany, 87:601-607, 2000."]}

In the production of one-year apple trees some cultivars exhibit poor feathering. The Golden Delicious cultivar has a relatively good tendency to grow feathers but under standard technologies in the production of unbranched trees it forms very few feathers at 62-64 cm above ground. Phytohormones BA and BA+GA4+7 significantly affected the formation of feathers on apple trees. In this research the solutions of BA and BA+GA4+7 in the concentrations from 200 to 450 ��l/l of active ingredient BA were applied three times at 7-day intervals during vegetation. At the end of vegetation, the following parameters were measured: the total number of feathers, the total feather length, the mean feather length and tree height. Increasing concentrations of BA and BA+ GA4+7 to a certain limit leads to an increase in the number and total length of feathers. The Golden Delicious cultivar tends to form feathers of different lengths in a nursery. A significant variation was found in the mean feather length with different treatments. The application of BA phytohormone in higher concentrations can negatively affect the tree height.

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Keywords

benzyladenine, gibberellins, one-year-old trees, Golden Delicious, nursery, feathers

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