This folder contains MAR simulations over the European Alps domain (7 kilometers resolution) forced by the ERA-20C reanalysis The version of the MAR model used is v.3.10, model set-up is described in detail in Beaumet et al., 2021 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-021-01830-x) Contact person : Julien Beaumet (beaumetjulien@gmail.com), Martin Menegoz (martin.menegoz@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr) The simulations cover the period covered by ERA-20C reanalysis : 1902-2010 (1901=Spin-up year) Data are available at the daily frequency, with one variable per file (10 years of data per file). The available variables are : LWD: Surface downward longwave radiation, [W/m2] LWU: Surface upward longwave radiation, [W/m2] MB: Total snow water equivalent, [mm.We] MBrr: Daily rainfall, [mm.We] (5) MBsf: Daily snowfall, [mm.We] (5) QQz: Near-surface specific humidity at constant height, [g/kg] (2) SWD: Surface downward shortwave radiation, [W/m2] SWU: Surface upward shortwave radiation, [W/m2] TTmax: Near-surface maximum air temperature for the first model level above the surface (constant sigma), [C] TTmin: Near-surface minimum air temperature for the first model level above the surface (constant sigma),[C] TTz: Near-surface mean air temperature at constant-height, [C] UUz: Near-surface zonal component of wind speed at constant height, [m/s] VVz: Near surface Meridional component of wind speed at constant height, [m/s] ZN3: Total snow height, [m] Other variables are available upon request (see email above). AL : Surface albedo, [0-1] CC: Cloud cover, [0-1] CD: Low level Cloud cover, [0-1] CM: Middle level Cloud cover, [0-1] CU: High level Cloud cover, [0-1] LHF : Surface latent heat flux, [W/m2] SHF : Surface sensible heat flux, [W/m2] SP: Surface pressure, [hPa] ST: Surface temperature, [C] TT: Near-surface mean air temperature for the first three model level above the surface (constant sigma), [C] (1) TTp: Constant pressure-level mean air temperature, [C] (4) ZZ: Surface geopotential for the first three model level above the surface (constant sigma), [m] * Latitude(LAT),longitude(LON)and surface elevation (SH) of each grid point can be read in MARgrid_EUe.nc file (1) For variable TT, ZZ model constant sigma level of 0.9997479 (2) For variables TTz, QQz constant height level are : 2m (3) For variables UUz, VVz constant height level are : 10m (4) Variables TTp, UUp, VVp available at pressure level : 925, 850, 800, 700, 600, 500, 200 hPa (5) Snow height and snow water equivalent are available for three sectors which corresponds to three different vegetation type : The three vegetation type used can be readen in the file MARgrid_EUy.nc, with the variable VEG and their respectibe fraction for each grid point is given by the variable FRV. The third vegetation type (sector=3) mostly corresponds to bare soil or low crops by default, but sometimes its fraction=0, which gives unrealistic low values of snow height. In this case, using the max. value on the axis sector often gives the best results. Legend of the vegetation type for the VEG variables : 0:NO_VEGETATION 1:CROPS_LOW 2:CROPS_MEDIUM 3:CROPS_HIGH 4:GRASS_LOW 5:GRASS_MEDIUM 6:GRASS_HIGH 7:BROADLEAF_LOW 8:BROADLEAF MEDIUM 9:BROADLEAF_HIGH 10:NEEDLELEAF_LOW 11:NEEDLELEAF MEDIUM 12:NEEDLELEAF_HIGH 13:City

The region covered by this data is roughly the Greater Alpine region : ~ 42N-49N / ~2E:18E. A MAR-ERA5 simulation (1981-2020) can also be found on another deposit (10.5281/zenodo.5822625)