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In order to estimate the gene effects and the mode of inheritance of the grain number per spike, five wheat genotypes (Pobeda, Renesansa, Sara, Partizanka and Pesma) were selected. The above mentioned genotypes were diallel crossed and F1, F2, and Fbc1were obtained. The gene effects were estimated using additive-dominant model which was adequate for three crossing combinations: Renesansa x Sara, Renesansa x Partizanka and Partizanka x Pesma. In the most crosses the value of the dominant gene effect was more significant than additive. The inheritance of the grain number per spike was influenced by additive��additive and dominance��dominance type of non-allelic interactions. The mode of inheritance of the number of grains per spike in F1, F2 and BC1 generations differed depending from the crossing combinations.