Spatio-temporal variation in dry season determines the Amazonian fire calendar Contact: nsc.nathaliacarvalho@gmail.com Data repository for the paper: Carvalho et al. Spatio-temporal variation in dry season determines the Amazonian fire calendar. Environmental Research Letters (2021). Background: Fire is one of the main anthropogenic drivers that threatens the Amazon. Despite the clear link between rainfall and fire, the spatial and temporal relationship between these variables is still poorly understood in the Amazon. We stratified the Amazon basin according to the dry season onset/end and investigated its relationship with the spatio-temporal variation of fire. We found well-defined seasonal fire patterns related to variation of the dry season end. Fire Amazonian Calendar: Our results and maps are also available in a user-friendly interface (amazonianfirecalendar.shinyapps.io/fire_amazon/). Dataset: Rasters files of the dry season (onset, end, length) and fire dynamics (Monthly percentage of fire in the peak month, Fire peak month and Critical Fire Period). Coverage: Amazon basin Spatial resolution: 10km Coordinate reference system: South America Albers Equal Area Conic with Datum SAD69 For the use of this dataset, please cite: Carvalho, N. S.; Anderson L. O.; Nunes C. A.; Pessôa, A. C.M.; Silva Junior, C. H. L., Reis, J.B.C.; Shimabukuro, Y. E.; Berenguer E.; Barlow J. and Aragão, L. E. O. C. Spatio-temporal variation in dry season determines the Amazonian fire calendar. Environmental Research Letters (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3aa3