There are numerous data sources to advance scientific knowledge, yet there are a greater amount of avenues uncertainty and trust to be brought into question. Therefore, the primary aim of this research is to understand how users of secondary data come to place trust in these contemporary sources - that have not been collected by themselves and may contain potential uncertainties, and how we can foster well-placed trust in these sources. - How do researchers view trust in data? Are they cognizant of the trust and uncertainty issues of data? Having seen from the literature that the definition of trust varies, how do researchers define trust in this context? - How trust is performed versus how it is verbalised. What do researchers actually do when they use these data sources? Are they apprehensive and take caution in these scenarios, or do they take a pragmatic approach and utilise this data (regardless of trust) if it is a necessity? - How do researchers account for potentially uncertain data in methods and methodologies? I.e. as uncertainty or untrustworthy data could potentially affect results and should be accounted for in order to be rigorous and reproducible. Are researchers aware of the effects of uncertainty and ambiguity in data and data science techniques? - Under which conditions is this data sufficiently trustworthy enough for the purposes that one might hope to use it? Are there varying contexts and purposes for this? - Finally, I will seek to understand the communication of uncertainty and trust. What forms of supplementary information are necessary for data users to formulate trust, and to use this data in their research? How can this be effectively presented and communicated?

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Batteries are currently present in our everyday life and have countless applications from smartphones to medical and military uses. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) started to attract a lot of attention in the 70s due to their good performance, high energy density and no memory effect and are nowadays the dominating types of rechargeable batteries used in the market due to their energy storage capacity and well-known chemistry. Carbons have been used in commercial batteries for more than 20 years, being the most commonly employed anode material for LIBs nowadays. Intercalation of Li-ions between the graphene planes offers carbon a good 2D mechanical stability, electrical conductivity and easy Li transport. Despite all the advantages of graphite carbons, researchers figured that this material exhibits some disadvantages as incompatibility with some electrolytes, electrochemical stability and volume expansion, which results in rapid capacity fading. Since the discovery of graphene, other two-dimensional (2D) materials have been the centre of attention as suitable anode materials for LIBs. Recently, layered two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been on the rise due to their attractive physical and chemical properties, which could be used in energy storage applications. These class of materials are represented with formula MX2 where M is a transition metal from groups 4 to 7 and X is a chalcogen atom and have been attracting lots of attention as anode materials for LIBs due to their structural similarity with graphene. Tellurium-based TMDs have been gaining more interest than sulphides and selenides due to its intrinsic chemical versatility, high electronic conductivity and high material density resulting in higher utilization of active materials than sulphur and selenium analogues. The main aims and objectives of this 4-year PhD studentship project are: 1) To study and develop new suitable negative (anode) electrode materials that can reversibly intercalate ions (e.g. Li+) with the aim to replace the current state of the art anode materials in the studied battery technologies 2) To synthase and characterize several transition metal dichalcogenides materials using several analytical techniques (e.g. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)). X-ray diffraction will be used for primary phase identification and study the crystallinity of the bulk materials as well as check for the existence of impurities. ICP-OES will be used to collect data on the elemental composition of the materials. SEM will be used to acquire high-resolution images of the electrode materials in order to have information on the particle's size and morphology. 3) To evaluate the electrode suitability to be used as electrode materials at room temperature for LIBs and NIBs through electrochemical characterization (galvanostatic cycling, impedance tests). These electrochemical measurements will be used to evaluate that charge stored in these materials as well as the redox processes occurring in these materials (eg. Intercalation vs capacitance). The electrochemical characterization will be used to evaluate the suitability of the electrodes as anode materials focusing on the number of ions inserted (specific capacity), the durability of the material (cyclability) and stability. 4) To use advanced synchrotron radiation for characterization of the materials during battery cycling (operando). Particularly, we will use (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD)) to gain knowledge on the transition metal oxidation state changes and monitor the structural evolution (such as phase transitions and appearance of new phases) in the materials while Li insertion and extraction take place, respectively. Approach: The novelty of this project lies in the making of potential novel chalcogenide electrode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Practitioners and professionals working in the public sector, particularly those in education, health and social care and local government, need to have a thorough understanding of the social determinants of health, and the magnitude and consequences of social inequalities in health, if they are to be successful in addressing them. This PhD study will examine awareness and understanding of health inequalities among final year university students intending to embark on careers in the public sector and whose professional responsibilities will have the potential to reduce health inequalities. The study will also critically evaluate the extent to which undergraduate and postgraduate curricula address health inequalities. Background The presence of social inequalities in health in the UK has long been recognised (Black, 1980). Evidence suggests that health status is influenced by a wide range of 'social determinants of health', including education; health care; the quality of living and working conditions; income; and 3 behaviours (Dahlgren and Whitehead, 1991). To improve population health and tackle health inequalities, action needs to be taken at different levels and across different sectors (Department of Health, 2009).