16. Batillipes littoralis Renaud-Debyser, 1959b Batillipes littoralis n. sp. (Renaud-Debyser 1959b) B. littoralis Renaud-Debyser (McIntyre & Murison 1973) Batillipes littoralis Renaud-Debyser (Moore 1979) B. littoralis Renaud-Debyser, 1959 (Grimaldi de Zio et al. 1983a, D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1987, Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo 1987) B. littoralis, Renaud-Debyser 1959 (Grimaldi de Zio et al. 1983b) Batillipes littoralis littoralis Renaud-Debyser, 1959 (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1999a) Batillipes littoralis (Accogli et al. 2011) Terra typica: Atlantic Ocean (France, Europe) Adriatic Sea: • 40°12′18′′N, 18°27′28′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Alimini. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) • 42°09′00′′N, 15°30′00′′E [42°08′N, 15°31′E]; 11–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, Caprara [Capraia] Island, Cala dei Turchi, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) • 42°08′N, 15°29′E [42°07′N, 15°30′E]; 11–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, I Pagliai, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) • 40 ° 32.78′N, 18°06.75′E; 50 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Lendinuso, mud. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 31.59′N, 18°05.51′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Lendinuso, coarse sand in Posidonia meadows. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 31.59′N, 18°05.51′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Lendinuso, coarse sand in Posidonia meadows. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 27.24′N, 18°14.63′E ; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Lecce Bacino (San Cataldo), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 27.24′N, 18°14.63′E ; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Lecce Bacino (San Cataldo), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 27.24′N, 18°14.63′E [40°22′N, 18°20′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Ceisne (Marne protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 27.17′N, 18°14.58′E [40°22′N, 18°20′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Ceisne (Marne protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40°12′18′′N, 18°27′28′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Alimini. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) • 40 ° 12.16′N, 18°27.80′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Alimini, lakes bay, coarse sand in Posidonia meadows. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 12.07′N, 18°27.93′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Alimini, lakes bay, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) Atlantic Ocean: • 57°50′N, 05°41′W; mean high water neaps to 3 m bsl: [FAO27] UK, Scotland, Highland County, Loch Ewe, Firemore Bay, flatfish nursery ground, small pocket beach, beach or subtidal zone, 4–16 cm deep in sand, sand. McIntyre & Murison (1973) • 55°47′N, 04°54′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] UK, Scotland, North Ayrshire County, Clyde Sea, White Bay East, Cumbrae, intertidal. Morgan & Lampard (1986a) • 54°48′N, 04°57′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] UK, Scotland, Dumfries and Galloway County, Clyde Sea, Sandhead, intertidal. Morgan & Lampard (1986a) • 44°41′N, 01°14′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] France, Aquitaine Region, Arcachon Bay, La Vigne, beach with sand and mud, salinity (29–35‰), intertidal, interstitial, sediment and sand. Renaud-Debyser & Salvat (1963) • 44°40′N, 01°14′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Type Locality: France, Aquitaine Region, Arcachon Bay, Le Camp (American beach), salinity (29–35‰), intertidal, interstitial, 0–80 cm deep in sand, sand (diameter 0.25–0.30 mm) and sediment. Renaud-Debyser (1959b), Renaud-Debyser & Salvat (1963) Balearic Sea: • 40°49′N, 08°30′E; 5 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Sassari Province, Gulf of Asinara, medium and medium fine sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2007) • 40°20′N, 08°22′E; 0 and 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Sassari or Oristano Province, Gulf of Alghero, medium sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2007) Ionian Sea: • 40°29′00′′N, 17°03′25′′E; 15 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Tarento Province, offshore of Chiatona, Secca dell’Armeleia, subtidal, organogenic, Amphioxus debris. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (1983a,b) • 40 ° 15.37′N, 17°52.83′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Porto Cesareo (marine protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 13.94′N, 17°54.54′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40°13′90′′N, 17°54′59′′E [ 40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 0 m bsl: Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) • 40 ° 12.94′N, 17°5.07′E [40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 12.94′N, 17°5.07′E [40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, medium sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40°08′44′′N, 17°58′05′′E; 12 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, N of Catania, Nard, Grotta Cattedrale, subtidal, detritus. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (1982b, 1983b) • 40 ° 0 1.99′N, 18°27.47′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Santa Cesarea Terme, medium sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 40 ° 0 1.99′N, 18°27.47′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Santa Cesarea Terme, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39 ° 59.50′N, 18°25.49′E; 50 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Castro Marina, Mussel Farm, mud. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39 ° 59.38′N, 18°25.01′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Castro Marina, Mussel Farm, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39°59′34′′N, 18°25′01′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Castro Marina. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) • 39 ° 55.55′N, 18°02.81′E ; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre San Giovanni Mancaversa, sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39 ° 55.55′N, 18°02.81′E ; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre San Giovanni Mancaversa, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39°55′55′′N, 18°02′71′′E [39°54′N, 18°06′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Giovanni [Torre San Giovanni]. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) • 39°52′00′′N, 16°42′30′′E; 20–200 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Cosenza Province, High Ionian Sea offshore, Calabrian Coast, Amendolara Shoal, coralligenous sand, coralligenous sand mixed with debris, coarse medium or fine coralligenous sand (few samples). D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1987), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (1987), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) • 39 ° 51.26′N, 18°23.55′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39 ° 50.46′N, 18°07.38′E ; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39 ° 50.46′N, 18°07.38′E ; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39 ° 58.71′N, 18°18.28′E [39°49′N, 18°18′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39 ° 58.71′N, 18°18.28′E [39°49′N, 18°18′E]; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio, sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39 ° 46.2 ′ N, 18°18.45′E [39°49′N, 18°18′E]; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio, sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011) • 39°48′40′′N, 18°40′38′′E [39°49′N, 18°19′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003) Irish Sea: • 54°19′N, 04°23′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Isle of Man, Ramsey, intertidal, quartz sand. Moore (1979) • 54°05′N, 04°46′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Isle of Man, Port Erin, intertidal, quartz sand. Moore (1979) • 54°05′N, 04°37′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Isle of Man, Derbyhaven, intertidal, quartz sand. Moore (1979) Ligurian Sea: • 43°32 ′ N, 10°12′E; 7 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Livorno Province, 300 m NW of Meloria Shoals Lighthouse, sediment samples. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1999a) Mediterranean Sea: • 35°54′N, 14°32′E; 30, 35 and 41 m bsl: [FAO37] Republic of Malta, SE coast of Malta, Sicily Channel, 1.75 km SE of the entrance of Grand Harbour and 1.4 km NW of the coastal settlement Xghajra, coarse organogenic detritus and fine sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001) Tyrrhenian Sea: • 40°35′10′′N, 14°19′38′′E; 12 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Province of Naples, Sorrento Peninsula, Massa Lubrense, Cala di Mitigliano, cave (Grotta di Mitigliano), subtidal, organic detritus and 33% gravel. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (1982b, 1983b) • 40°20′30′′N, 09°40′15′′E; 0–80 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia Island, Nuoro Province, Orosei Gulf, pure sand, coastal organogenic debris, coralligenous debris mud or Posidonia seagrass meadows. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1989), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001) • 40°13′N, 09°38′E; 0 and 30 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro Province, Gulf of Orosei, medium and coarse sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2007) • 40°13′32′′N, 09°37′46′′E; 0–7 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro Province, Orosei Gulf, Cala Luna, coarse and medium coarse sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2005) Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification): Adriatic Sea: 12, Atlantic Ocean: 5, Balearic Sea: 2, Ionian Sea: 23, Irish Sea: 3, Ligurian Sea: 1, Mediterranean Sea: 1, Tyrrhenian Sea: 4; total: 51. Record numbers (FAO classification): FAO27: 32, FAO37: 19; total: 51. Remarks: This species is known from the Mediterranean basin and other European coasts (Irish Sea and Atlantic Ocean). It has been reported from intertidal and subtidal zones down to 200 m bsl in different types of sand and sediments.

Published as part of Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Bartels, Paul J., Roszkowska, Milena & Nelson, Diane R., 2015, The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada, pp. 1-189 in Zootaxa 4037 (1) on pages 18-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4037.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/233519