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Abandono temprano en estudiantes universitarios: un estudio de cohorte sobre sus posibles causas

Authors: Rodríguez-Pineda, M.; Zamora-Araya, J. A.;

Abandono temprano en estudiantes universitarios: un estudio de cohorte sobre sus posibles causas

Abstract

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer las razones por las cuales un estudiante de primer ingreso se puede convertir en un desertor temprano; se estudia el caso particular de la Universidad Nacional. Se usó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo exploratorio, no experimental y correlacional. Los participantes fueron 158 estudiantes de la cohorte 2014, que no reportaron matrícula en el primer ciclo del 2015, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario con 25 preguntas. Por medio de un análisis factorial exploratorio, se logró determinar que las variables asociadas con el abandono escolar respondían a factores de tipo (1) académico y de ambiente estudiantil, representado por las notas; (2) motivacional, en el que destacan variables como el estado de ánimo, duración de la carrera, falta de orientación, entre otras; (3) económico-familiar, asociado con la falta de beca, problemas familiares o cambio del estado conyugal; y (4) vocacional, relacionado con variables como falta de interés y percepción de poca utilidad de la carrera seleccionada como primera opción. Además, la deserción fue mayor en estudiantes del estrato 3, es decir, aquellos provenientes de colegios con menores oportunidades educativas y de los sectores sociales más vulnerables.

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Costa Rica
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Keywords

Science (General), ANÁLISE FATORIAL, Science, Educación, ANÁLISIS FACTORIAL, educación superior, Ensino Superior, dropout, Análisis Factorial, factorial analysis, análise fatorial, DROPOUT, Q1-390, Estudiantes Universitarios De Primer Ingreso, ensino superior, abandono escolar, HIGHER EDUCATION, FACTORIAL ANALYSIS, University, Universidad, EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR, Dropout, Q, Higher Education, Factorial Analysis, Análise Fatorial, ENSINO SUPERIOR, higher education, Educación superior, análisis factorial, Abandono Escolar Prematuro, ABANDONO ESCOLAR

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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