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Micelios como alternativa para alimentación humana

Authors: García-Rincón, Inés; Hinojosa-Nogueira, Daniel;

Micelios como alternativa para alimentación humana

Abstract

{"references": ["Islam, M. R., Tudryn, G., Bucinell, R., Schadler, L. & Picu, R. C. Morphology and mechanics of fungal mycelium. Sci Rep 7, 13070 (2017)", "Ecology and Management of Morels Harvested from the Forests of Western North America. (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2007).", "Haneef, M. et al. Advanced Materials From Fungal Mycelium: Fabrication and Tuning of Physical Properties. Sci Rep 7, 41292 (2017).", "Bayer, E. The mycelium revolution is upon us. Scientific American 1, (2019).", "Robinson, R. F. & Davidson, R. S. The large-scale growth of higher fungi. in Advances in applied microbiology vol. 1 261\u2013278 (Elsevier, 1959)", "Block, S. S. Developments in the production of mushroom mycelium in submerged liquid culture. Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 2, 243\u2013252 (1960).", "Doctor, V. M. & Kerur, L. Penicillium mycelium waste as protein supplement in animals. Applied microbiology 16, 1723\u20131726 (1968).", "G\u00fcn\u00e7 Erg\u00f6n\u00fcl, P., Akata, I., Kalyoncu, F. & Erg\u00f6n\u00fcl, B. Fatty acid compositions of six wild edible mushroom species. The Scientific World Journal 2013, (2013).", "Foodnavigator. Atlast Food Co: Mycelium scaffold can unlock the 'Holy Grail' of plant based meat: whole cuts. https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2019 /09/11/Atlast-Food-Co-Mycelium-scaffold-can-unlock-the-Holy-Grail-of-plant-based-meat-whole-cuts.", "Ecovative Design. https://ecovativedesign.com"]}

El micelio compone la estructura de la raíz de un hongo. Son los responsables de intercambiar los nutrientes entre el hongo y la planta. Conforme crece, el micelio capta pequeñas moléculas de alimentos. Este ensambla una densa red de fibras largas y microscópicas que crecen a través del sustrato. El micelio puede ser manipulado de tal manera que sea capaz de construir una estructura prediseñada: se controla la temperatura, el CO2 o la humedad influyendo así en el crecimiento de los tejidos. Se compone de una estructura porosa compuesta de filamentos tubulares llamados hifa y una capa interior de microfibras de quitina covalentemente entrecruzadas con otros polisacáridos. Se trata de un alimento bajo en calorías y bajo en grasas saturadas, pero con un importante contenido en ácidos grasos poli-insaturados. Al ser un material poroso puede ser impregnado con sabores, grasas y otro ingredientes, o con proteínas adicionales como la proteína del guisante o hemoproteinas. Entre los beneficios de su producción, destaca una huella ambiental mucho menor que la del ganado tradicional, su cultivo, da como resultado una cantidad limitada de desechos (en su mayoría compostables). Además, requiere un consumo mínimo de energía y puede ser buen sustituto para la simulación de carnes de origen vegetal. A pesar de su creciente uso e investigación, se precisa de más información nutricional e información sobre su toxicidad para garantizar que a nivel de consumo sea seguro.

Keywords

Nutrición, Alimentación, Micelio, Hongo

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