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Toponymy in Kurdistan and Edmonds-Mackenzie Hypothesis

Authors: Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi;

Toponymy in Kurdistan and Edmonds-Mackenzie Hypothesis

Abstract

Abstract Toponymy as a branch of onomastics is the study of place names. The aim of the present research is the synchronical study of morphological structure of some toponyms in Kurdistan province of Iran as an experiment on Edmonds- Mackenzie hypothesis. Based on the hypothesis, the original pre-Kurdish inhabitants of Kurdistan before the Kurdsʼ overrunning have been the Gorans/ Hawrams. The toponyms have been gathered through fieldwork and analysed within a contrastive framework (current Hawrami and Kurdish). As the author is the native speaker of Hawrami and also fluent in Kurdish, he has also used his linguistic intuition and knowledge in this regard. Moreover, Kurdish-Persian (Sharafkandi, 2014), Persian- Kurdish (Mardukh- Rouhani, 2015) dictionaries and old native peopleʼs knowledge in this field have been used. The studied toponyms belongs to the regions whose present inhabitants are the Kurds. The study and analysis of the toponyms indicate that they are Hawrami words and this can be the indicator of the Hawramsʼ habitation in the region before the Kurdsʼ overrunning and consequently evidence for verifying Edmonds- Mackenzie hypothesis. Regarding the fact that it is recently tried to change the non-Kurdish especially Hawrami toponyms to Kurdish ones as far as possible under the influence of Kurdish nationalist movements, the present research can be a step towards recording and documenting the toponyms in order to prevent their change and distortion and also a preliminary point for the study of all toponyms in Kurdistan from different viewpoints. Another result of the research is that revising and expanding the present classification of toponyms based on their components is necessary as some toponyms were found in the research that cannot be placed in any one of the classes and some classes have been proposed for them in this research. Keywords: toponymy, Kurdistan, Edmonds-Mackenzie hypothesis, Hawrami, Kurdish. جای­نام­شناسی در کردستان و فرضیۀ ادموندز- مکنزی چکیده جای­نام­شناسی به عنوان شاخه­ای از دانش نام­شناسی به بررسی نام مکان­ها می­پردازد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی ساخت ساختواژی برخی از جای­نام­های استان کردستان ایران به صورت همزمانی به عنوان آزمونی در مورد فرضیۀ ادموندز- مکنزی است. بر اساس این فرضیه، ساکنان اولیه و اصلی کردستان پیش از ورود کردها، گوران­ها/ هَورام­ها بوده­اند. جای­نام­ها به صورت میدانی گردآوری و به صورت مقابله­ای (گورانی/ هَورامی و کردی کنونی) تحلیل شده­اند. از آن جا که نگارنده زبانور بومی هورامی و بر کردی نیز مسلط است، از شم و دانش زبانی خود نیز در این زمینه بهره برده است. افزون بر این، از فرهنگ لغت­های کردی- فارسی (شرفکندی، ١٣٩٢) و فارسی- کردی (مردوخ­روحانی، 1393) و اطلاعات و دانش افراد بومی مسن و آگاه در این زمینه استفاده شده است. جای­نام­های بررسی­شده مربوط به مناطقی­اند که ساکنان کنونی آنها کرد هستند. بررسی و تحلیل جای‌نام‌ها نشان می­دهد که واژه­هایی هورامی­اند و این می­تواند بیانگر سکونت هورام­ها در این منطقه پیش از ورود کردها و در نتیجه شاهدی در راستای تأیید فرضیۀ یادشده باشد. با توجه به اینکه اخیراً تحت تأثیر جنبش­های ملی­گرای کردی تلاش می­شود تا جایی که ممکن است جای­نام­های غیرکردی به ویژه هورامی به کردی تغییر داده شوند، پژوهش حاضر می­تواند گامی در راستای ثبت و مستندسازی این جای­نام­ها به منظور جلوگیری از تغییر و تحریف آنها و نیز نقطۀ شروعی برای بررسی همۀ جای­نام­های کردستان از دیدگاه­های گوناگون باشد. از دیگر نتایج پژوهش آن است که بازنگری و گسترش دسته­بندی کنونی جای­نام­ها بر اساس عناصر تشکیل­دهندۀ آنها ضروری می­نماید چرا که جای­نام­هایی در این پژوهش یافت شدند که در هیچ کدام از دسته ­ای یادشده جای نمی­گیرند و دسته‌هایی برای آنها در این پژوهش پیشنهاد شده است. کلیدواژه­ها: جای­نام­شناسی، کردستان، فرضیۀ ادموندز- مکنزی، هَورامی، کردی.

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Keywords

toponymy, Kurdistan, Edmonds-Mackenzie hypothesis, Hawrami, Kurdish., toponymy, Kurdistan, Edmonds-Mackenzie hypothesis, Hawrami, Kurdish.

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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