The problem of self-improvement in philosophical schools of ancient China and ancient India has been considered in the essays. A specific conception of a personality, his or her nature, self-worth and purpose occurs again in every historical period, and it is somehow reflected in the humanist worldview of the epoch. For deeper understanding modern values nature, as well as global integration processes analyzing and evaluating, it is important to follow humanistic ideas formation and establishment process, to analyze social consciousness historical metamorphosis beginning with ancient philosophy. Such issues are relevant to the modern Ukrainian philosophy making an attempt to rethink the value systems, moral and humanistic frameworks. At the same time, however, we must state the paucity of humanistic subjects studies in Ukraine, especially, it concerns humanistic thought historical and philosophical formation in the philosophy of antiquity, eastern philosophy humanistic potential in common. In Chinese and Indian philosophy, a man is presented as a part of everyday environment, but not a super-creature entitled to rule the world. So, all personal aspirations should be directed to the inner (moral) self-improvement. It is important that practical orientation to the spiritual self-improvement is unconditional for the majority ancient east schools and movements. The author only represents the self-improvement problem solutions in some of the most significant schools and directions of ancient China and India.