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Evaluation of Fuel Properties of Six Tropical Hardwood Timber Species for Briquettes

Authors: Mitchual, Stephen J.; Kwasi Frimpong-Mensah; Darkwa, Nicholas A.;

Evaluation of Fuel Properties of Six Tropical Hardwood Timber Species for Briquettes

Abstract

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Akowuah,\nBriquettes from combination of maize cobs and Ceiba pentandra at\nroom temperature and low compacting pressure without a binder.\nInternational Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering. Vol. 4,\nNo. 38, 2013, 7 pages. Doi: 10.1186/2251-6832-4-38\n[10] T. Demirbas and C. Demirbas, \"Fuel properties of wood species.\"\nEnergy Sources, Vol. 31, No. 16, 2009, pp. 1464-1472.\nDOI: 10.1080/15567030802093153.\n[11] V. Saravanan, K. T. Parthiban, P. Kumar, P. V Anbu. and P. P. Ganesh,\n\"Evaluation of Fuel Wood Properties of Melia dubia at Different Age\nGradation,\" Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,\nVol. 1, No. 6, 2013, pp. 8-11.\n[12] ASTM International, ASTM standard D2395\u20132007a: Standard test\nmethods for specific gravity of wood and wood-based materials. ASTM\nInternational, West Conshohocken, 2008.\n[13] ASTM International, ASTM standard E711-87, Standard test method for\ngross calorific value of refuse-derived fuel by the bomb calorimeter,\n2012. Web site\nhttp://ia600806.us.archive.org/23/items/gov.law.astm.e711.1987/astm.\n[14] ASTM International, ASTM D 1102 - 84 (2007), \"Test method for ash\nin wood,\" Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2008, pp. 153-154.\n[15] ASTM International, ASTM D3175 - 11, \"Standard Test Method for\nVolatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke,\" Annual Book\nof ASTM Standards, 2008, 153-154.\n[16] FAO guide to laboratory test, 2008.\n[17] M. R. Motsara and N. R. Roy, \"Guide to Laboratory establishment for\nplant nutrient analysis,\" 19th Edition, FAO-Rome, Italy, 2008, pp. 42-88.\n[18] E.O. Mclean, \"Aluminium in methods of Soil Analysis,\" America\nScience Agronomy, Madisori, Wisconsin, 1965, pp. 978-998.\n[19] W. Horwitz and G. W. Latimer, \"Official Methods of Analysis of\nAOAC International,\" Association of official Analytical Chemistry\nInternational, 18th Edition, Maryland USA, 2005.\n[20] S. J. Mitchual, \"Densification of sawdust of tropical hardwoods and\nmaize cobs at room temperature using low compacting pressure without\na binder,\" PhD Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies,\nKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi,\nGhana, 2013. [21] B. Hahn, \"Existing Guidelines and Quality Assurance for Fuel Pellets-\nPellets for Europe Project,\" UMBERA, Umweltorientierte\nBetriebsberatungs-, Forschungs- und Entsorgungs-Gesellschaft m.b.H,\n2004.\n[22] S. E. Corder, \"Fuel characteristics of wood and bark and factors\naffecting heat recovery,\" Madison, WI. USDA Forest Products\nLaboratory, 1976.\n[23] R. Stahl, E. Henrich, H. J. Gehrmann, S. Vodegel and M. Koch,\n\"Definition of a standard biomass,\" RENEW - Renewable fuels for\nadvanced power trains, 2004.\n[24] J. M. 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The fuel potential of six tropical hardwood species namely: Triplochiton scleroxylon, Ceiba pentandra, Aningeria robusta, Terminalia superba, Celtis mildbreadii and Piptadenia africana were studied. Properties studied included species density, gross calorific value, volatile matter, ash content, organic carbon and elemental composition. Fuel properties were determined using standard laboratory methods. The result indicates that the gross calorific value (GCV) of the species ranged from 20.16 to 22.22 MJ/kg and they slightly varied from each other. Additionally, the GCV of the biomass materials were higher than that of other biomass materials like; wheat straw, rice straw, maize straw and sugar cane. The ash and volatile matter content varied from 0.6075 to 5.0407%, and 75.23% to 83.70% respectively. The overall rating of the properties of the six biomass materials suggested that Piptadenia africana has the best fuel property to be used as briquettes and Aningeria robusta the worse. This study therefore suggests that a holistic assessment of a biomass material needs to be done before selecting it for fuel purpose.

Keywords

Species, Volatile matter., Briquette, Elemental composition, Ash content, Calorific value

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