Caloptilia xanthopharella (Meyrick, 1880) Figs 15–20, 27, 28, 35–37, 46, 47 Grac. [ilaria] xanthopharella Meyrick, 1880: 141. 3 syntypes [Australia, New South Wales], Sydney (NHMUK: BMNH (E) 1324995, BMNH (E) 1411610, BMNH (E) 1411618). Material examined. (6 ♂ 7 ♀). New Caledonia • 1 ♂; Province Sud, Noumea, Parc Zoologique & Forestier; 22.2582°S, 166.458°E; alt. 84 m; 18 Sep. 2018; 22 Sep. 2018 em. [adult emergence]; Ohshima, Issei et al. leg.; Rearing No. IsO-1080; Host: “ Glochidion billarideri ” [recte billardierei]; DNA extraction No.: IO-853; RMNH.INS.1557476 • 2 ♂ 2 ♀; Province Sud, Province Sud, Noumea, Near Parc Zoologique & Forestier; 22.2548°S, 166.4527°E; alt. 83 m; 18 Sep. 2018; 20, 26–28 Sep. 2018 em.; Ohshima, Issei et al. leg.; Rearing No. IsO-1080; Host: “ Glochidion billarideri ” [recte billardierei]; DNA extraction No.: IO-851 & IO-967, IO-863, IO-854, IO-860; Genitalia slides: EvN 5649 ♂, EvN 5558 ♀, EvN 5559 ♀; RMNH.INS.25649, RMNH.INS.25558, RMNH.INS.25559; RMNH.INS.1557475; RMNH • 1 ♂ 3 ♀; same collecting data as previous; 22, 26–28 Sep. 2018 em.; DNA extraction No.: IO-852, IO-855, IO-858, IO-862; KPU • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; same collecting data; 27 Sep. 2018 em.; DNA extraction No.: IO-856 (♂), IO-857 (♀); MNHN • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; same collecting data; 27–28 Sep. 2018 em.; DNA extraction No.: IO-859 (♀), IO-861 (♂); NHMUK. Diagnosis. Caloptilia xanthopharella adults closely resemble other species of Caloptilia. Like C. deltanthes (Meyrick, 1935) from French Polynesia, C. xanthopharella has a small blotch of pale yellow scales at the base of its forewings, but this blotch is triangular with one tip reaching the base and another almost reaching the dorsal edge in C. deltanthes while it is diamond-shaped and clearly separated from the wing edges in C. xanthopharella (Figs 15–20). Caloptilia xanthopharella can also be distinguished from other Caloptilia by its large pale-yellow forewing patch made of two merged triangles, the proximal with sharp edges and the distal with blurred edges. Males of this species can be distinguished from the other two New Caledonian congeners by its less dilated valva. Females can be easily recognised by its hammer-shaped signa. Larvae make a succession of a linear mine, a blotch mine, a tentiform mine and a leaf-roll typical for the genus Caloptilia on Glochidion ferdinandi (Figs 46, 47). Description of adult. Habitus (Figs 15–20). Forewing length 4.95–5.69 mm (n = 5). No sexual dimorphism exhibited. Head: Vertex red-orange. Antenna 1.1 longer than forewing, brown, yellow near the base. Labial palpus upcurved, each segment pale yellow and brown at the tip. Thorax: Tegula brown. Forewing rather broad, with ground of brown scales with metallic blue reflections; a small diamond-shaped blotch of pale-yellow scales at the base; first costal blotch triangular shaped with sharp edges from basal 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, pale yellow, reaching dorsum, connected with the second costal blotch, smaller than the first and with semi-circular and blurred edges, from beyond middle to the tip, pale yellow, not reaching dorsum; fringe brown shading to orange near the tip. Hindwing brown-grey; fringe brown-grey. Fore- and midlegs with coxa brown; tarsi pale yellow; hindleg with coxa pale yellow. Abdomen: Terga pale yellow; sterna pale yellow. Male genitalia (Figs 27, 28): Valva spatulate, with the lower margin rounded; numerous long setae present along the apex and distal margin of the valva, covering the sacculus. Phallus needle-shaped, without cornuti, about as long as valva; phallus length 635 µm, valva length 570 µm. Female genitalia (Figs 35–37): Papillae analis longer than wide, sparsely covered with long setae. Ductus bursae slender and membranous. Corpus bursae elongate-ovoid; signum consisting of two independent plates of similar size, each with a hammer-shaped head and a narrow, long, curved tail nearly as long as the diameter of the corpus bursae. Signa length 356–384 µm. Biology. In Australia, C. xanthopharella is known to feed on Glochidion ferdinandi (Müll. Arg.) F. M. Bailey (Common 1990). Here we present a new host plant record Glochidion billardierei. The larva first makes an epidermal linear mine on adaxial or abaxial surfaces, then makes a blotch mine it will turn into a tentiform mine (Fig. 46). The later instar larvae leave this tentiform mine and migrate to the tip of a neighbouring leaf to make a leaf roll (Fig. 4). After exiting the leaf roll, the larva prepares a cocoon on a neighbouring plant. Adults emerged between 22 and 26 September. Distribution. It is known to occur in Australia: coastal regions of New South Wales and Queensland, Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu (Meyrick 1880; Bradley 1957, 1962; De Prins and De Prins 2024). Here we record C. xanthopharella for the first time from New Caledonia. DNA barcodes. All 13 DNA barcodes obtained from New Caledonia cluster into a single haplotype, which groups together with 15 additional barcodes from across Australia within the same BIN, BOLD: AAI 6656. This BIN shows an average distance of 0.96 % and a maximum distance of 1.93 %; there is a distance of 7.85 % to an unnamed Australian Caloptilia with BOLD: AAW 8621 (Suppl. materials 2, 3).

Published as part of Guiguet, Antoine, van Nieukerken, Erik J., Giron, David, Gravendeel, Barbara, Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos & Ohshima, Issei, 2026, Two new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from New Caledonia inducing galls on Glochidion billardierei (Phyllanthaceae) and redescription of C. xanthopharella (Meyrick, 1880), pp. 113-137 in ZooKeys 1268 on pages 113-137, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1268.173885