A brief description of the physical-geographical location, geomorphological and geological conditions of formation and data on climatic conditions, as well as the main types of soils in the region under study is presented. The results of diagnostic indicators of mountain-brown and alluvial-meadow soils, their assessment and ecological assessment are analyzed. Distribution of humus and minerals components of soils is polished in different parts of the Jalilabad region of Azerbaijan. The mountain brown soils have received an ecological assessment as “medium” soils, and the alluvial-meadow soils of the region under study are “good”. Accordingly, mountain brown soils can be widely used for cereals, vegetable crops, vineyards and other plantations.