Family Microhylidae Günther, 1858 Remarks: Two recent phylogenetic systematics papers on Microhylidae (De Sá et al. 2012; Peloso et al. 2016) resulted in substantial changes in the taxonomy of the group, both at subfamily and generic ranks. Both authors found well resolved Gastrophryninae and Otophryninae; the latter erected a new subfamily (Adelastinae). Most generic changes proposed by De Sá et al. (2012) were corroborated by later authors, except for the arrangement of Syncope and Chiasmocleis. De Sá et al. (2012) transferred several species of Chiasmocleis to Syncope, whereas Peloso et al. (2014) placed Syncope in synonymy of Chiasmocleis.

Published as part of Barrio-Amorós, César L., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M. & Señaris, J. Celsa, 2019, Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation, pp. 1-198 in Amphibian & Reptile Conservation (e 180) (e 180) 13 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11404264