Ursus americanus Pallas 1780 Ursus americanus Pallas 1780, Spicil. Zool., 14: 5. Type Locality: Not given. In Pallas' (1780) description, he refered to Brickell (1737) who implied North Carolina (USA) by stating they "are very common in this province." Palmer (1904) listed the locality as "eastern North America". Vernacular Names: American Black Bear. Subspecies:: Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. americanus Pallas 1780 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. altifrontalis Elliot 1903 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. amblyceps Baird 1859 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. californiensis Miller 1900 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. carlottae Osgood 1901 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman 1854 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. emmonsii Dall 1895 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. eremicus Merriam 1904 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. floridanus Merriam 1896 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. hamiltoni Cameron 1957 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. kermodei Hornaday 1905 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. luteolus Griffith 1821 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. machetes Elliot 1903 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. perniger J. A. Allen 1910 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. pugnax Swarth 1911 Subspecies Ursus americanus subsp. vancouveri Hall 1928 Distribution: Canada, Mexico (N Nayarit and S Tamaulipas), USA. Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; U.S. ESA – Threatened as U. americanus luteolus; all other subspecies – Similarity of Appearance to a Threatened Species; IUCN – Lower Risk (lc). Discussion: Reviewed by Larivière (2001 b). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Larivière (2001 b).

Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Carnivora, pp. 532-628 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 588, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519