Cervus Linnaeus 1758 Cervus Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 66. Type Species: Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758 Species and subspecies: 2 species with 34 subspecies: Species Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. elaphus Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. alashanicus Bobrinskii and Flerov 1935 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. atlanticus Lönnberg 1906 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. barbarus Bennett 1833 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. brauneri Charlemagne 1920 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. canadensis Erxleben 1777 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. corsicanus Erxleben 1777 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. hanglu Wagner 1844 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. hispanicus Hilzheimer 1909 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. kansuensis Pocock 1912 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. macneilli Lydekker 1909 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. maral Gray 1850 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. nannodes Merriam 1905 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. pannoniensis Banwell 1997 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. songaricus Severtzov 1873 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. wallichii G. Cuvier 1823 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. xanthopygus Milne-Edwards 1867 Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. yarkandensis Blanford 1892 Species Cervus nippon Temminck 1838 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. nippon Temminck 1838 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. aplodontus Heude 1884 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. grassianus Heude 1884 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. hortulorum Swinhoe 1864 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. keramae Kuroda 1924 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. kopschi Swinhoe 1873 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. mageshimae Kuroda and Okada 1950 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. mandarinus Milne-Edwards 1871 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. mantchuricus Swinhoe 1864 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. pseudaxis Gervais 1841 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. pulchellus Imaizumi 1970 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. sichuanicus Guo, Chen and Wang 1978 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. soloensis Heude 1888 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. taiouanus Blyth 1860 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. yakushimae Kuroda and Okada 1950 Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. yesoensis Heude 1884 Discussion: Formerly included Rusa, Rucervus, and Przewalskium as subgenera, see Groves and Grubb (1987). Van Gelder (1977 b) also included Elaphurus, Axis, Dama and Hyelaphus. Information from various sources suggests that Cervus sensu lato is polyphyletic or paraphyletic. Dendrograms derived from mitochondrial-DNA restriction-site maps suggest that Axis axis and Rucervus duvauceli form a sister-clade to Elaphurus davidianus, Rusa unicolor and Cervus elaphus (Cronin, 1991), whereas genetic distances obtained from protein analysis suggested that Axis axis, Dama species and Rusa species formed a sister clade to Elaphurus davidianus, C. elaphus, and C. nippon (Emerson and Tate, 1993). Phylogram of Randi et al. (2001) suggests Rucervus eldi and Elaphurus davidianus form a clade whose sister-group includes Rusa and Cervus species.

Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 662, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519