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Abstract This article provides a thorough exploration of primary mathematics education, focusing on the evolving landscape of curriculum design, effective teaching methodologies, and the integration of technology in the classroom. It examines the current curriculum with an emphasis on a holistic approach that balances computational skills with conceptual understanding. Various teaching methodologies, such as inquiry-based learning and differentiated instruction, are analyzed for their effectiveness in catering to diverse learning styles. The article highlights the significant impact of digital tools in enhancing mathematical understanding and engagement, while also discussing the challenges of integrating technology alongside traditional teaching methods. It delves into both formative and summative assessment strategies, emphasizing the importance of feedback in student learning. The article addresses common challenges faced by educators in primary mathematics, offering strategic solutions and underscoring the importance of continuous professional development to adapt to educational advancements and effectively meet student needs. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable resource for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers, providing practical insights and recommendations to improve teaching and learning outcomes in primary mathematics education.