Microhabitat dataThese are the microhabitat data we compiled from the IUCN, AmphibiaWeb, field guides, and the primary literature. References refer to those listed in the following supplementary file. They are also listed at the end of the published manuscript.SuppFile1_microdata.xlsxMicrohabitat data referencesSuppFile2_LitCited_microhab.pdfClimatic dataClimatic data for anurans. Originally from the paper: Gómez-Rodríguez, C., A. Baselga, and J. J. Wiens. 2015. Is diversification rate related to climatic niche width? Global Ecology and Biogeography 24:383–395.SuppFile3_climatedata.csvSpecies-level phylogeny of AnuraThe species-level phylogeny we used to estimated phylogenetic means and rates of climatic niche change. This tree was pruned from the more comprehensive amphibian phylogeny of: Pyron, R. A. 2014. Biogeographic analysis reveals ancient continental vicariance and recent oceanic dispersal in amphibians. Systematic Biology 63:779–797.SuppFile4_specieslevel_Anura.nexFamily-level phylogeny of AnuraThe family-level phylogeny we used for more phylogenetic comparative analyses. This tree was pruned to a single (arbitrary) species per family from the more comprehensive amphibian phylogeny of: Pyron, R. A. 2014. Biogeographic analysis reveals ancient continental vicariance and recent oceanic dispersal in amphibians. Systematic Biology 63:779–797.SuppFile5_familylevel_Anura.nexR functions: PGLS correlationThe first function within this file calculates a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) correlation between 2 or more variables. The second function calculates the statistical significance of these correlations. The first function was derived from: Rohlf, F. J. 2006. A comment on phylogenetic correction. Evolution 60:1509-1515. See comments within the file for the appropriate use of the functions.SuppFile6_gls.correlation.fxn.r

A major goal of ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain patterns of species richness among clades. Differences in rates of net diversification (speciation minus extinction over time) may often explain these patterns, but the factors that drive variation in diversification rates remain uncertain. Three important candidates are climatic niche position (e.g., whether clades are primarily temperate or tropical), rates of climatic niche change among species within clades, and microhabitat (e.g., aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal). The first two factors have been tested separately in several studies, but the relative importance of all three is largely unknown. Here we explore the correlates of diversification among families of frogs, which collectively represent ∼88% of amphibian species. We assemble and analyze data on phylogeny, climate, and microhabitat for thousands of species. We find that the best-fitting phylogenetic multiple regression model includes all three types of variables: microhabitat, rates of climatic niche change, and climatic niche position. This model explains 67% of the variation in diversification rates among frog families, with arboreal microhabitat explaining ∼31%, niche rates ∼25%, and climatic niche position ∼11%. Surprisingly, we show that microhabitat can have a much stronger influence on diversification than climatic niche position or rates of climatic niche change.