
doi: 10.1653/024.103.0419
Sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is now widely established in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), production areas of the USA, and is an important economic pest. To calculate economic thresholds, population growth parameters under varied temperature conditions are needed. However, detailed laboratory studies of temperature effects on the biology and population parameters of M. sacchari since the sorghum outbreak in the US have not been performed previously. Therefore, this study evaluated the response of M. sacchari to 6 different constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 °C) on sorghum tissue. Aphid development, age-specific survivorship, fecundity, and longevity were compared at the mentioned temperatures. At 20 °C, the reproductive period was longest and total fecundity was greatest. Development time of M. sacchari was shortest at 25 and 30 °C. Intrinsic rate of increase was highest at 25 °C (rm = 0.405 ± 0.030). Net reproductive rate (R0) was highest at 20 °C, and age-specific survivorship decreased with increasing temperature. At 25 °C, aphid populations doubled in 1.7 d, the shortest among all temperatures tested. Using a modification of the nonlinear Logan model, the lower and upper developmental thresholds of M. sacchari were calculated at 8.6 and 37.8 °C, respectively, with the optimum temperature for development occurring at 28.3 °C. Population parameters, together with high minimum and maximum thermal thresholds, indicate that M. sacchari is an aphid species adapted to higher temperatures. Key Words: aphid; population physiology; population dynamics; thermal threshold Resumo Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e uma praga agricola de importância economica, que se encontra amplamente distribuida nas areas produtoras de sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), dos Estados Unidos. A fim de calcular os niveis de danos economicos, e necessario o conhecimento do crescimento populacional da praga sob diferentes regimes de temperatura. Entretanto, desde a explosao populacional de M. sacchari em sorgo nos Estados Unidos, ainda nao surgiram estudos para avaliar os efeitos da temperatura nos parâmetros biologicos e de crescimento populacional do pulgao. Assim sendo, esse estudo avaliou as variacoes no periodo de desenvolvimento, sobrevivencia, fecundidade e longevidade de M. sacchari em sorgo sob seis temperaturas constantes (15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 °C). A 20 °C M. sacchari apresentou o maior periodo reprodutivo e a maior fecundidade total. O menor periodo de desenvolvimento de M. sacchari foi observado a 25 e 30 °C, e a taxa intrinseca de crescimento populacional foi maior a 25 °C (rm = 0,405 ± 0,030). A taxa liquida de reproducao (R0) foi maior a 20 °C e a taxa de sobrevivencia por idade foi reduzida com o aumento da temperatura. A 25 °C, a populacoes de M. sacchari em sorgo dobrou em 1,7 d, a menor entre todas as temperaturas testadas. Usando uma modificacao do modelo nao linear de Logan, os limiares termicos inferior e superior de desenvolvimento de M. sacchari foram calculados em 8,6 e 37,8 °C, respectivamente, com a temperatura otima para o desenvolvimento ocorrendo em 28,3 °C. Os parâmetros populacionais, juntamente com altos limiares termicos minimos e maximos, indicam que M. sacchari e uma especie de afideo adaptada a altas temperaturas. Palavras Chave: pulgao; fisiologia de populacao; dinâmica de populacao; limiares termicos View this article in BioOne
Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Biodiversity, Taxonomy
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