Abstract Bradypus pygmaeus Anderson and Handley, 2001, the pygmy three-toed sloth, is a dwarf bradypodid that is 1 of 4 species of Bradypus. It is easily distinguished from its conspecifics by its small size and restricted distribution (endemic to Isla Escudo de Veraguas of Bocas del Toro, off the Caribbean coast of Panama). B. pygmaeus is found exclusively in red mangroves at sea level, and it is listed as critically endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources because of its restricted range and declining population size that is due to hunting and tourism.