The longevity associated with the Mediterranean Diet could be partly attributed to Mediterranean traditional foods, which this diet incorporates. A weekly menu, representative of the Greek traditional diet, was found compatible with the nutritional recommendations of the European Commission and with a high flavonoid content. The analysis of several traditional Greek foods indicated that they may contribute to the apparent health benefits of the Greek version of the Mediterranean diet. The methodology for the study of traditional foods in Greece is currently being expanded to 12 European countries in the ‘EuroFIR’ project. One of the aims is to define the term ‘traditional’ ensuring the classification and exclusive registration of traditional foods.