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Dietary exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of commercial bread loaf in Valencia, Spain

Authors: Saladino, Federica; Quiles, Juan Manuel; Mañes, Jordi; Fernández-Franzón, Mónica; Luciano, Fernando Bittencourt; Meca, Giuseppe;

Dietary exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of commercial bread loaf in Valencia, Spain

Abstract

Abstract In this study, 80 commercial samples of bread loaves were purchased from different supermarkets located in Valencia (Spain). These samples were investigated for the presence of legislated and non-legislated mycotoxins. Results showed that samples were contaminated with Aflatoxins (AFs), Zearalenone (ZEA) and Enniatins (ENs) with a frequency of 20, 96, and 65% respectively. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) were detected with concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 7.1 μg/kg. The samples contaminated with AFB1 showed values exceeding the maximum limit allowed in the EU. The sum of AFs also exceeded the maximum limit allowed in 6 samples. ENs contamination data ranged from 0.2 to 54 μg/kg and ENB was the most prevalent one. ZEA values ranged from 27 to 905 μg/kg and 30% of the contaminated samples were above the limits enforced by the EU. Finally, dietary exposure of the population living in Valencia to AFs, ENs and ZEA was estimated using the deterministic approach, through the evaluation of the consumption of commercial loaf bread and relating this data with the contamination of the loaf bread, for the calculation of the estimated daily intake (EDI) for each mycotoxin detected.

Keywords

Mycotoxins LC-MS/MS Loaf bread Risk assessment Estimated daily intake

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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