
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Missouri Addressing Resistance Scale (MARS). The MARS, composed of 11 items derived from Greenson's (1967) model, the Vanderbilt Therapeutic Strategies Scale (VTSS, Butler, Henry, & Strupp, 1992), and the Resistance Scale (Schuller, Crits-Christoph, & Connolly, 1991) were used to rate 265 therapy sessions. Results indicated: (a) the MARS consists of two factors, Highlighting/Interpreting Resistance and Exploring and Working Through Resistance, which prompts a revision of Greenson's model; (b) MARS' concurrent validity was evidenced by significant positive correlations between the Highlighting/Interpreting Resistance and the TLDP Specific Strategies scale, and between Exploring and Working Through Resistance and the Psychodynamic Interviewing Style scale of the VTSS, and (c) the MARS' predictive validity was demonstrated through a time-series analysis (cross correlation) where there was a lead-lag relationship in which counseling sessions with higher r...
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