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Lattice points in orthotopes and a huge polynomial Tutte invariant of weighted gain graphs

Authors: David Forge; Thomas Zaslavsky;

Lattice points in orthotopes and a huge polynomial Tutte invariant of weighted gain graphs

Abstract

A gain graph is a graph whose edges are orientably labelled from a group. A weighted gain graph is a gain graph with vertex weights from an abelian semigroup, where the gain group is lattice ordered and acts on the weight semigroup. For weighted gain graphs we establish basic properties and we present general dichromatic and forest-expansion polynomials that are Tutte invariants (they satisfy Tutte's deletion-contraction and multiplicative identities). Our dichromatic polynomial includes the classical graph one by Tutte, Zaslavsky's two for gain graphs, Noble and Welsh's for graphs with positive integer weights, and that of rooted integral gain graphs by Forge and Zaslavsky. It is not a universal Tutte invariant of weighted gain graphs; that remains to be found. An evaluation of one example of our polynomial counts proper list colorations of the gain graph from a color set with a gain-group action. When the gain group is Z^d, the lists are order ideals in the integer lattice Z^d, and there are specified upper bounds on the colors, then there is a formula for the number of bounded proper colorations that is a piecewise polynomial function of the upper bounds, of degree nd where n is the order of the graph. This example leads to graph-theoretical formulas for the number of integer lattice points in an orthotope but outside a finite number of affinographic hyperplanes, and for the number of n x d integral matrices that lie between two specified matrices but not in any of certain subspaces defined by simple row equations.

32 pp. Submitted in 2007, extensive revisions in 2013 (!). V3: Added references, clarified examples. 35 pp

Keywords

list coloring, weighted gain graph, rooted gain graph, spanning-tree expansion, dichromatic polynomial, Signed and weighted graphs, Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs, subspace arrangement, lattice point counting, FOS: Mathematics, affinographic arrangement, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Tutte invariant, Combinatorics (math.CO), 05C22, gain graph coloring

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
hybrid