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Grazing Away the Resilience of Patterned Ecosystems

Authors: Siero, Eric; Siteur, Koen; Doelman, Arjen; van de Koppel, Johan; Rietkerk, Max; Eppinga, Maarten B;

Grazing Away the Resilience of Patterned Ecosystems

Abstract

Ecosystems' responses to changing environmental conditions can be modulated by spatial self-organization. A prominent example of this can be found in drylands, where formation of vegetation patterns attenuates the magnitude of degradation events in response to decreasing rainfall. In model studies, the pattern wavelength responds to changing conditions, which is reflected by a rather gradual decline in biomass in response to decreasing rainfall. Although these models are spatially explicit, they have adopted a mean-field approach to grazing. By taking into account spatial variability when modeling grazing, we find that (over)grazing can lead to a dramatic shift in biomass, so that degradation occurs at rainfall rates that would otherwise still maintain a relatively productive ecosystem. Moreover, grazing increases the resilience of degraded ecosystem states. Consequently, restoration of degraded ecosystems could benefit from the introduction of temporary small-scale exclosures to escape from the basin of attraction of degraded states.

Keywords

Self-organization, DYNAMICS, UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity, Evolution, IMPACT, Models, Biological, Regime shift, HERBIVORE, MOVEMENT, Behavior and Systematics, Animals, Herbivory, 910 Geography & travel, Global coupling, CATASTROPHIC SHIFTS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Desertification, Ecosystem, SDG 15 - Life on Land, IRREVERSIBLE VEGETATION CHANGE, Ecology, STABILITY, SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY, MODEL, 10122 Institute of Geography, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, PATCHINESS, Land degradation, Positive density dependence

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
38
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
hybrid