We supposed that a person’s health-conscious attitude, when actualized in a specific action must be connected to certain objective psychophysiological characteristics, for example, to inhibitory control. The aim of the present research was to study the interrelation of the inhibitory control and the internal health picture (further referred to as IPH) in primary schoolchildren. We examined 72 primary schoolchildren (mean (SD) age: 10.3 (0.9) years). Inhibitory control was assessed by the ReBOS tool (Vergunov, Nikolaeva, 2018). The IPH level was measured by a questionnaire (Nikolaeva et al., 2014). It was found that the higher IPH level boys have, the better they control their actions. The way girls respond to participating in an activity is directly related to their IPH development. But unlike the data obtained in the boys' group, the girls' inhibitory control is not related to their IPH level.