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Cowpea is the second most important grain legume in Africa. A major limiting factor to its production both in the savannas of the North and the humid rainforest agro-ecological zones of Southern Nigeria is anthracnose (Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara). Previous studies have established the potentials of extracts of higher plants for its management. In this present study, the fungitoxic effects of Carica papaya roots and seeds and Piper guineense seeds extracts (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% w/v) against Colletotrichum destructivum were evaluated in the glasshouse. The experiment consisted of potted cowpea seedlings (2 seedlings/pot) in 4kg heat sterilized top soil. At four weeks after sprouting, the seedlings were spray-inoculated to run-off with 105 spores/mL suspension of the fungus. Four days after inoculation, the seedlings were sprayed with respective concentrations of the test plant extracts. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of 16 treatments and five replications and was repeated twice. All the extracts, regardless of concentration of application effectively minimized the incidence and severity of anthracnose on the potted cowpea plants 21 days after spray inoculation with spore suspension (105 spores /mL) of the pathogen. Irrespective of type and dosage of application, the parameters of height, leaf area and dry matter content of the cowpea plants compared well with that of benomyl treated plants. However, cowpea plants treated with C. papaya seeds extract at 25% concentration had slightly greater dry matter content than other treatments. Hence, crude extracts of C. papaya roots and seeds and P. guineense seeds can be used to manage anthracnose of cowpea in low-input agriculture for greater productivity.
Colletotrichum destructivum, fungitoxic natural pesticides, plant extracts
Colletotrichum destructivum, fungitoxic natural pesticides, plant extracts
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