
Les infections opportunistes (IO) sont rares en cas de sarcoïdose (1 à 10 %) et surviennent le plus souvent au cours de sarcoïdose connue ou, plus rarement, la révèlent. Les IO les plus fréquentes sont par ordre décroissant : l’aspergillose pulmonaire, la cryptococcose et les infections mycobactériennes. La corticothérapie systémique représente le facteur de risque le plus fréquent d’IO au cours de la sarcoïdose mais les immunosuppresseurs et les anti-TNFα peuvent aussi être en cause. Le plus souvent, la présentation clinique, le traitement et le devenir des patients ne diffèrent pas des autres conditions favorisant la survenue d’une IO. Néanmoins, certaines présentations atypiques d’IO peuvent mimer une exacerbation de la sarcoïdose et la confusion risque de conduire le clinicien à une intensification de l’immunosuppression, entraînant l’aggravation de l’IO. Le recueil minutieux des antécédents ainsi que la connaissance des indices permettant de différencier une IO d’une exacerbation de la sarcoïdose sont donc des facteurs clés dans la prise en charge de ces patients.
Opportunistic infections (OI) are uncommon in sarcoidosis (1 to 10%) and mostly occur in patients with previously diagnosed disease or can rarely be the presenting manifestation. The most common OIs are, in descending order: aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and mycobacterial infections. Treatment with corticosteroids is the most frequent risk factor for OI occurrence during sarcoidosis but immunosuppressive drugs and therapy with anti-TNFalpha are also risk factors. Overall, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome are identical to that occur in other conditions complicated with the occurrence of OIs. However, some atypical presentations of OIs can mimic sarcoidosis exacerbation and misdiagnosis may lead clinicians to increase immunosuppression, causing worsening of the OI. The meticulous collection of patient's history along with factors differentiating OI from sarcoidosis exacerbation is key factor to optimally manage these patients
Risk, therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Patients, Sarcoidosis, Cryptococcosis, Opportunistic Infections, Immunocompromised Host, Rare Diseases, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Mycoses, Risk Factors, Virus Diseases, Medicine, Aspergillosis, Humans, history, France, Infection, Immunosuppression
Risk, therapy, Mycobacterium Infections, Patients, Sarcoidosis, Cryptococcosis, Opportunistic Infections, Immunocompromised Host, Rare Diseases, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Mycoses, Risk Factors, Virus Diseases, Medicine, Aspergillosis, Humans, history, France, Infection, Immunosuppression
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