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Impacto de la introducción del gen de resistencia a imidazolinonas sobre sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor L. Moech)

Authors: Guillaumet, Lisandro Joaquín;

Impacto de la introducción del gen de resistencia a imidazolinonas sobre sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor L. Moech)

Abstract

El cultivo de sorgo sufre importantes pérdidas de rendimiento debido a la competencia con malezas y su control es vital para reducirlas. La resistencia a las imidazolinonas en el cultivo de sorgo (conocida comercialmente como Igrowth) es reciente y otorga la posibilidad del control de malezas en aplicaciones pos-emergentes. Las resistencias a herbicidas en los cultivos casi siempre tienen un costo de adaptación que puede repercutir directamente en la capacidad productiva. En este sentido, el propósito de la presente tesis es estudiar el impacto de la resistencia sobre el rendimiento y otros atributos de interés sobre sorgo granífero. Para ellos, se evaluó la incorporación del gen Igrowth sobre diferentes fondos genéticos en experimentos con y sin la aplicación de herbicida realizados en diferentes ambientes. Se trabajó con un total de cinco híbridos convencionales y sus isohibridos Igrowth generados a través del método de retrocruza. No se detectaron efectos significativos del caracter sobre el rendimiento para ninguno de los isohíbridos evaluados, conduciendo de esta manera a que no existen mermas de rendimiento en grano por la introgresión del caracter. A diferencia de esto, las variables fenotípicas estudiadas mostraron efectos de la introgresión del caracter. La aplicación del herbicida no generó diferencias significativas en biomasa aérea. La interacción del carácter por ambiente fue no significativa y no hubo efectos significativos del tratamiento con el ambiente. Estos resultados permiten concluir que la mutación que otorga resistencia al grupo químico imidazolinonas es segura para la producción de híbridos comerciales.

The sorghum crop suffers significant yield losses due to competition with weeds therefore, their control is vital to reduce them. Resistance to imidazolinones in sorghum is recent and provides the possibility of weed control in post-emergent applications. Herbicide resistance in crops almost always has an adaptation cost that can have a direct impact on productive capacity. The purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of resistance on yield and other attributes of interest on grain sorghum. The incorporation of the Igrowth gene on different genetic backgrounds was evaluated in experiments with and without herbicide application in different environments. Five conventional hybrids and their Igrowth isohybrids generated through the backcross method were selected. No significant effects of the character were detected on yield in any of the evaluated isohybrids, leading to the conclusion that there is no loss of grain yield due to the introgression of the character. In contrast, the phenotypic variables studied showed effects of character introgression. No significant differences were observed in aerial biomass with the herbicide application. The character-by-environment interaction was not significant and there were no significant effects of treatment-by-environment. These results would lead us to the conclusion that the mutation that gives resistance to the imidazolinones chemical group is safe to produce commercial hybrids.

Fil: Fil: Guillaumet, Lisandro Joaquín. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina

Fil: Fil: Apellido, Nombre. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Related Organizations
Keywords

Imidazolinonas, Interacción genotipo ambiente, Sorgo granífero, Fondo genético, Igrowht, Sorghum bicolor, Resistencia a los herbicidas

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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green