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Integración de estudios fisiológicos, histológicos y bioquímicos del proceso de enraizamiento, rustificación y crecimiento posterior de especies de importancia agronómica suplementadas con citoquininas

Authors: Divo de Sesar, Marta Diana;

Integración de estudios fisiológicos, histológicos y bioquímicos del proceso de enraizamiento, rustificación y crecimiento posterior de especies de importancia agronómica suplementadas con citoquininas

Abstract

El objetivo principal de esta Tesis fue evaluar el efecto de la 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP)durante el proceso de desarrollo de raíces, la rustificación y el crecimiento posterior deolivo (Olea europaea L.), arándano (Vaccinium corymbossum) y jazmín amarillo (Jazminun meznyi). Las citoquininas no son habitualmente utilizadas en la inducción de raíces adventicias porquela bibliografía menciona que las mismas inhiben la iniciación de raíces en estacas. En este Trabajo aplicamos BAP en combinación con auxinas, en diferentes momentos del procesode enraizamiento. Se estudiaron diversos factores fisiológicos como: tamaño de las estacas, posición en la rama, genotipo, densidad de plantación en la mesa de enraizamiento, tratamientosa las estacas y a las plantas madres, juvenilidad, efectos de la presencia de hojas y yemas,efecto de de la luz, sustratos. Se determinó en el momento óptimo de aplicación de BAP, se siguieron los cambios anatómicosdurante el proceso de enraizamiento con observaciones hitológicas. Se evaluaron diversospárametros bioquímicos como clorofilas, proteínas, porfirinas, catalasa, ascorbato peroxidasay guaiacol peroxidasa. Se ajustó un protocolo para la cuantificación, no destructiva de lasclorofilas. Se demostró que las citoquininas no inhiben el proceso de enraizamiento, sólo demoranla emergencia de los primordios, y que el peso de las raíces está directamente relacionadocon los pesos de los brotes fotosintetizantes, pero no con los de la estaca. BAP ejerceun efecto positivo sobre la diferenciación de yemas y ramificaciones y en el peso de lasraíces. Asimismo, controla la senescencia, y la disminución de proteínas y clorofilasdurante el enraizamiento. La actividad de las enzimas mostró diferentes tendencias. Laguaiacol peroxidasa aumenta, la caralasa disminuye y la ascorbato peroxidasa aumenta y luego disminuye. El BAP retrasa y disminuye las tendencias. Los estudios anatómicos demostraron que no existen barreras físicas para la emergencia de las raíces en olivo. En jazmín el momento óptimo de la aplicación de BAP es anterior a la división celular. En arándano las raíces adventicias se originanen el tejido del callo formando en la base de la estaca y desde nidos traqueales.

The main objective of this Thesis was to evaluate the effect of BAP during the rootingdevelopment process, rustication and later growth of olive (Olea europaea L.), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and yellow jasmine (Jazminum meznyi Hance). Cytokinins are not usually employed in the rooting development process becausethe current bibliography report that applied synthetic cytokinins normally inhibits rootinitiation in stem cuttings. In this works we applied 6-bencylaminepurine (BAP) with auxins to induce the development and growth of adventitious roots in cuttings. Different physiologicalfactors were investigated like cutting size, position in the branch, genotypicvariability, cuttings density on the rooting bed, seasonal timing, treatment of cuttingsand stock plants, juvenility, effects of buds and leaves, light, substrate. BAP application optimum moment was established. Anatomical changes durning root initials,primordium roots emergence were followed with histological observations. Biochemical studies like chlorophyll, porphyrins, proteins, catalase, ascorbate-peroxidaseand guaiacol-peroxidase were performed during the development of adventitious roots. A nondestructive quantitative protocol for chlorophylls was adapted. It has been found that cytokinis do not inhibit rooting process only delay the emergenceof primordia roots and that roots weight is directly connected with the weight of budand leaves but not with stem cutting weight. BAP in interaction with fertilizers has a positive effect on initiating buds and shoots, and on roots weight. BAP control senescence, and chlorophylls and protein decreased during root development. Enzyme activities showed different trends. Guaiacol-peroxidase activity rises, catalasedecreases and ascorbate-peroxidase rises and then decreases. BAP slows the decline. Anatomical studies demonstrated that there is no physical barrier for the root emergence inolive. In jasmine it was observed that the optimal moment to apply BAP is before the beginningof initial cellular division. In blueberry adventitious roots origin in the callus tissueformed at the base of the cutting and from treachery nest.

Fil: Divo de Sesar, Marta Diana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.

Country
Argentina
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Keywords

570, PROTEINAS, CUTTINGS, PROTEIN, ENZYME ACTIVITY, 6-BENCYLAMINOPURINE, CLOROFILAS, HISTOLOGIA, 6-BENCILAMINOPURINA, ROOTING DEVELOPMENT, ESTACAS, HISTOLOGY, DESARROLLO DE RAICES, ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA, CHLOROPHYLLS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green