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Identificação de inibidores de pectinase fúngica para o controle de formigas cortadeiras

Authors: Zavan, Cinthia;

Identificação de inibidores de pectinase fúngica para o controle de formigas cortadeiras

Abstract

The leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens are agricultural pests controled by chemicals which are toxic, not specific and harmful to man, other animal and water resources. They feed on the degradation products of plant material which they cut, harvested to their nest and offer to a symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, which grows on this plant material to form the so-called fungus garden. The fungus produces polysaccharidases (especially pectinase) which the ants concentrate in their intestine and secretes in the faecal fluid. Thus, pectinase inhibition would negatively affect the ants nutrition and could be a promising strategy for the control of leafcutters. In the present work, we have searched for pectinase inhibitors in 126 extracts, 99 fractions or sub-fractions and 41 compounds which have been isolated from 22 plant species. Our results showed that (1) Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae) contains inhibitors of the pectinase which is contained in the ants' faecal fluid. (2) (-)-Catequin, a flavonoid, was the major or the unique compound in every C. fissilis preparation inhibiting the pectinase activity of faecal fluid. (3) These preparations, however, have not inhibited the pectinase activity of the fungus garden. We suggest that the fungus garden acts as a barrier which protects the fungal enzymes against harmful compounds which may be introduced in the ants'nest. the pectinase activity of the fungus garden. We suggest that the fungus garden acts as a barrier which protects the fungal enzymes against harmful compounds which may be introduced in the ants'nest.

As formigas cortadeiras Atta sexdens, conhecidas popularmente como saúvas, são consideradas pragas agrícolas, e são controladas principalmente por inseticidas tóxicos, altamente inespecíficos, prejudiciais ao homem e outros animais, além de poluir o solo e a água. Estas formigas extraem seus nutrientes através da degradação da matéria vegetal, realizada por polissacaridases (especialmente pectinases), que estão presentes em seU fluido fecal e são produzidas pelo fungo simbionte Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. Assim, a inibição de pectinase seria uma estratégia promissora para controlar as formigas cortadeiras na agricultura de modo mais específico. No presente trabalho, nós buscamos inibidores de pectinase do fluido fecal em várias partes de 22 espécies vegetais, ensaiando 126 extratos brutos, 99 frações ou subfrações e 41 substâncias puras isoladas destes vegetais. Nossos resultados indicam que (1) Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae) contém inibidores da pectinase presente no intestino das formigas. (2) O flavonóide (-)-catequina foi identificado como composto majoritário ou puro de todas as frações ativas dos extratos de Cedrela fissilis. (3) O flavonóide (-)-catequina, purificado de Cedrela fissilis, assim como extratos desta planta contendo majoritariamente (-)-catequina, inibiram a atividade de pectinase contida no fluido fecal, mas não a atividade de pectinase contida nos jardins de fungo, que provavelmente contém inibidores da ação da (-)-catequina. Assim, sugerimos que o jardim de fungo funciona como uma barreira protetora para as formigas.

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Ants, Formiga

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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