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Períodos de interferência de uma comunidade infestante na cultura do milho em primeira e segunda safras

Authors: Campos, Caio Ferraz de;

Períodos de interferência de uma comunidade infestante na cultura do milho em primeira e segunda safras

Abstract

The interference between weeds and corn can reflect significant losses in grain yield. In agricultural ecosystems, crop and weeds have their demands for water, light and nutrients and, in most cases, one or more of these growth factors are not available in sufficient quantity even for the crop development, thereby establishing competition. The aim of this study was to determine the Period Before Interference (PBI), the Critical Period of Interference Prevention (CPIP) and Total Period of Interference Prevention (TPIP) of the crabgrass plant (Digitaria nuda) into corn in Botucatu/SP, in two periods of sowing, in season and out of season. The treatments were set up into two categories: coexistence periods between crop and weeds, and weed free periods. The periods consisted of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days, a weed control and a no weed control treatment during whole crop cycle. The source of the crabgrass was from soil seed bank as confirmed by the area’s known history. To determine the periods of interference on the yield, a nonlinear regression analysis was performed. Plant height, ear insertion height, ear length, number of grains per row, row number and 100 seeds weight ware also analyzed. The data were subjected to variance analysis by the F test, and treatment averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. For the crop studied 5% yield loss was considered acceptable, in first season conditions the period before interference was 22 days after emergence (DAE) and the total period of interference prevention was 54 DAE, the Critical Period of Interference Prevention was 29 days. For second season the period before interference and the total period of interference prevention were 23 and 26 DAE, respectively and the Critical Period of Interference Prevention was 29 days was 2 days.

A interferência de plantas daninhas com a cultura do milho pode refletir em perdas relevantes na produtividade de grãos. Em ecossistemas agrícolas, a cultura e as plantas daninhas possuem suas demandas por água, luz, nutrientes e, na maioria das vezes, um ou mais desses fatores de crescimento estão disponíveis em quantidade insuficiente até mesmo para o próprio desenvolvimento da cultura, o que estabelece, assim, a Interferência. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar o Período Anterior à Interferência (PAI), o Período Crítico de Prevenção à Interferência (PCPI) e o Período Total de Prevenção à interferência (PTPI) de plantas de capim-colchão (Digitaria nuda) na cultura do milho no município de Botucatu/SP, em dois períodos de semeadura, safra e safrinha. Os tratamentos foram divididos em duas modalidades: períodos de convivência da cultura com as plantas infestantes e períodos em que a cultura permaneceu livre da presença da comunidade infestante, sendo estes de 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 e 56 dias, além de uma testemunha com controle de plantas daninhas até o fim do ciclo da cultura e outra com convivência das plantas daninhas até a colheita. A origem das plantas de capim-colchão foi do banco de sementes, garantido pelo conhecimento do histórico da área experimental. Para determinação dos períodos de interferência quanto ao rendimento de grãos, foi realizada a análise de regressão não linear. Determinou-se também a altura de plantas, altura da inserção da espiga, comprimento das espigas, número de grãos por fileiras, número de fileiras e peso de 100 sementes. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, sendo as médias dos tratamentos comparadas pelo teste Tukey...

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Erva daninha - Controle, Milho safrinha - Pragas - Controle, Plantas invasoras, Pragas agricolas - Controle, Comunidades vegetais, Weeds, Semeadura

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green