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Qualidade de um argissolo cultivado com hortaliças em sistema plantio direto

Authors: Chaveiro, Amauri Chaveiro e;

Qualidade de um argissolo cultivado com hortaliças em sistema plantio direto

Abstract

A preservação dos solos agrícolas pela adoção de sistemas adequados de uso e manejo, é essencial para a sua conservação, contribuindo para a manutenção da produtividade das culturas. O Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) tem sido adotado em grandes culturas econômicas as quais são quase totalmente mecanizadas nos dias atuais, entretanto, para o ramo das hortaliças tal sistema ainda tem sido pouco utilizado e um dos fatores tem sido a falta de pesquisas especificas na área. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os atributos físicos de um Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo em implantação de SPD cultivado com hortaliças e adubos verdes. O experimento foi desenvolvido em área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas (FCAT/UNESP), sediada no município de Dracena - SP. Foram realizados dois cultivos de hortaliças em rotação de cultura com coberturas vegetais durante 2 anos. O experimento foi conduzido em duas épocas, uma no outono/inverno (Tremoço, Mix, Aveia, Repolho e Alface) e outro na primavera/verão (Estilosantes, Mix, Milheto e Pepino), instalados em delineamento de blocos casualizados com parcela subdividida e quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações dos seguintes atributos físicos: Distribuição e estabilidade de agregados; Porosidade e Densidade do solo; Infiltração de água no solo; Resistência mecânica a penetração e umidade do solo. Distribuição e estabilidade de agregados em água – houve um aumento no tamanho dos agregados tendendo assim a uma possível melhora na estrutura do solo. Porosidade do solo – em consequência do revolvimento do solo houve aumento na macroporosidade, e mesmo o SPD também se observa um pequeno aumento. Densidade do solo (DS) – o SPD se mostrou com maiores valores de DS previsto pelo não revolvimento do solo. Infiltração de água no solo – os valores médios decresceram significativamente. Resistência do solo à penetração – o solo da área estudada já possuía valores positivos no início das coletas, pois os valores médios encontrados estão abaixo de 2Mpa. Os dados obtidos no presente trabalho se mostram consistentes e positivos, sendo muito interessante a continuidade do estudo do sistema em formação.

The preservation of agricultural soils through the adoption of adequate systems of use and management is essential for their conservation, contributing to the maintenance of crop productivity. The no-tillage system (NTS) has been widely applied in major economic crops which are almost completely mechanized nowadays, however, for the field of vegetables such system has still been a little used and one of the factors has been the lack of specific research in the area. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the physical attributes of a Ultisol under NTS implantation cultivated with vegetables and green manures. The experiment was developed in the experimental area of the College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences/São Paulo State University (FCAT/UNESP), headquartered in Dracena-SP. Two vegetable crops were grown in crop rotation with vegetable coverings for 2 years. The experiment was carried out in two seasons, one in autumn/winter (lupine, mix, oats, cabbage and lettuce) and another in spring/summer (Styling, Mix, millet and cucumber), installed in a randomized block design with split plot and four reps. Assessments of the following physical attributes were carried out: Distribution and stability of aggregates; Soil Porosity and Density; Soil water infiltration; Mechanical resistance to penetration and soil moisture. Distribution and stability of aggregates in water - there was a increase in aggregate size thus tending to an improvement in soil structure. Soil porosity - as a result of soil disturbance there was an increase in macroporosity, and even the SPD is also observed a slight increase. Soil density - the SPD shows the highest values of DS predicted by the non-revolving soil. Soil water infiltration - mean values decreased patients. Soil resistance to penetration - the soil in the studied area already had positive values at the beginning of the collections, as the mean values found are below 2Mpa. The data collected in this work are consistent and positive, and it is very interesting to continue the study of the system in formation.

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Sistemas de plantio, Plantas de cobertura, Cover crops, Soil structure, Planting systems, Organic matter, Estrutura do solo, Matéria orgânica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green