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Preparos conservacionistas do solo para amendoim em reforma de canavial no sistema MEIOSI

Authors: Betiol, Olavo;

Preparos conservacionistas do solo para amendoim em reforma de canavial no sistema MEIOSI

Abstract

Os métodos da agricultura conservacionista reduzem os problemas com a erosão do solo e contribui para a redução dos custos de produção, quando adotados em rotação de cultura com a cana-de-açúcar, mas o problema da compactação do solo é a principal causa de ceticismo sobre a eficácia desta prática. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o efeito de 4 preparos do solo: convencional, localizado, reduzido e sem preparo (semeadura direta) para a cultura do amendoim cultivar IAC-OL3 semeado no dia 17/10/2020, em rotação com cana-de-açúcar pelo sistema MEIOSI sobre as características agronômicas, bem como em alguns atributos físicos do solo. O ensaio foi realizado na safra 2019/2020 no município de Planalto (São Paulo, Brasil) sob área de cana-de-açúcar colhida crua, usando delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro preparos do solo (convencional, localizado, reduzido com subsolador e semeadura direta) e cinco repetições. Embora nenhuma diferença tenha sido verificada na densidade e na porosidade do solo entre os tratamentos, verificou-se valor mais elevado de resistência mecânica do solo à penetração na semeadura direta, em todas as avaliações (antes da semeadura, ao início da floração, antes e depois da colheita) em comparação com preparo convencional. Contudo, a diferença na compactação do solo entre os tratamentos diminuiu da semeadura até o final do ciclo. Além disso, o baixo distúrbio do solo e a maior cobertura com palha, contribuiu para aumentar significativamente a capacidade de retenção de água e reduzir a incidência e severidade da doença ocasionada por vírus (GRSV) em plantas de amendoim. O preparo reduzido e a semeadura direta obtiveram a maior produção de vagens, em média 12 e 18% mais que o preparo localizado e o convencional, respectivamente, sem diferença estatística em termos de qualidade das vagens.

Conservation agriculture methods reduce problems with soil erosion and contribute to reducing production costs when adopted in crop rotation with sugarcane, but the problem of soil compaction is the main cause of skepticism about the effectiveness of this practice. The objective of this research was to study the effect of 4 soil tillage: conventional, reduced, strip and without tillage (no-tillage), for peanut crop cultivar IAC-OL3 sown on 10/17/2020, cultivated in rotation with sugarcane by MEIOSI system on agronomic characteristics, as well as on changes in soil physics attributes. Trial was carried out in 2019/2020 in Planalto city (Sao Paulo, Brazil) under a green harvested sugarcane field, using as experimental design a complete randomized block, with four tillage treatments (conventional tillage, reduced with chisel, strip tillage and no-tillage) and five replications. Although no differences were verified on bulk density and soil porosity among treatments, the highest values of soil resistance penetration were observed in no-tillage treatment for all evaluations (before planting, at begging of flowering, before and after harvesting) in comparison with conventional tillage. But the difference on soil strength among the treatments was diminished from the planting to the end of cycle. Furthermore, low soil disturbance and maximum covering with straw has contributed to increase significantly the water holding capacity and to reduce the incidence and severity of virus disease (GRSV) on peanut plants. Consequently, both strip tillage and no tillage have increased the pod yield in average 12 and 18% more than reduced and conventional tillage, respectively, without differences in terms of quality and pod losses.

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Agrícola (FUNDAG)

Fundação AGRISUS: PA 2937/20

Outra

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Preparo do solo, Viroses, Solos compactação, Plantio direto

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green