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OSMANLI YENİ İLM-İ KELÂMINDA MATERYALİZM ELEŞTİRİLERİ

OSMANLI YENİ İLM-İ KELÂMINDA MATERYALİZM ELEŞTİRİLERİ

Abstract

Materialism, which reduces the whole of existence as simply matter and its interactions, and respectively ignores the intervention of a divine Being, is often traced back at a time when philosophy was born. However when we study the historical process, we find that materialism was a thought that was generally rejected by the majority. With the enlightenment and secularism that came as a result of the scientific revolution following the Renaissance and Reforms in 17th century Europe, materialism gained more followers. In the 20th century in what was known as its golden era it became a world view, by manifesting itself in the religious, social, political and economic spheres of life. Materialism came to the Ottomans following the first half of the 19th century through students who went to the West and newly established military and medical schools. Despite materialism forming the backbone of debates on westernization and secularism (perpetuating worldliness) towards the end of the 19th century, this did not deter many intellectuals from endorsing much of the values that came with materialism, and it led to many repercussions within the political and social realms of the Ottoman world. On the other hand, materialism was not welcomed but rather disapproved of by many Ottoman mutakallimūn such as Abdullatif Harputi , İzmirli İsmail Hakkı , Mehmet Şemsettin Günaltay and Ömer Nasûhi Bilmen . We attempt to outline the mentioned late period Ottoman mutakallimūn’s critique of materialism and compare their views with the classical mutakallimūn’s materialistic world view

Bir bütün olarak varlığı madde ve etkileşimlerine indirgeyerek açıklayan, evreni kendisi dışındaki aşkın bir varlığın müdahalesine kapatan bir görüş olarak bilinen materyalizm, ortaya çıkış itibariyle felsefenin başlangıcına kadar gerilere götürülse de, tarihsel süreç içerisinde genelde azınlıkta kalan ve tepkiyle karşılanan bir düşünce olmuştur. Ancak bu görüş Avrupa'da XVII. Yüzyıl bilim devrimi ardından gelen aydınlanma ve sekülerleşme hadiseleri sonrasında yeniden taraftar bulmaya başlamış, XX. yüzyılın başlarına gelindiğinde altın çağını yaşayarak dinî, siyasî, ekonomik ve toplumsal tezahürleri de olan bir dünya görüşü haline gelmiştir. Materyalizmin Osmanlı'ya girişi ise XIX. yüzyılın ilk yarısından itibaren askerî ve tıp alanında açılan modern okullar ile Batı'ya eğitim amaçlı gönderilen öğrenciler vasıtasıyla başlamış; XIX. Yüzyılın sonlarında dünyevileşme, Batılılaşma gibi tartışmalara arka plan oluşturduğu halde önemli sayıda Osmanlı aydınını etkisi altına alarak siyasal ve toplumsal sonuçlara neden olmuştur. Diğer taraftan materyalizm Abdüllatif Harpûtî , İzmirli İsmail Hakkı , M. Şemseddin Günaltay ve Ömer Nasûhi Bilmen gibi kelâmcıların da dâhil olduğu birçok Osmanlı ulemâsı tarafından tepkiyle karşılanarak eleştirilmiştir. Makalede söz konusu Osmanlı kelâmcılarının materyalizmi ne şekilde eleştirdikleri ve bu eleştirilerinde materyalistik imâlar taşıdığı söylenen klasik dönem kelâmından birleşip ayrıldıkları noktalar tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Tarih, Sanat, Siyasi Bilimler, Kültürel Çalışmalar

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green